sure thing! Itâs a fairly mainstream âtrans-inclusiveâ opinion that while sex is still biological (which is to say, binary, âreal,â outside of social opinion, it exists in nature), gender is socially constructed. This frames being transgender as having a socially constructed gender that âconflicts withâ biological sex. This conforms to mainstream psychiatric models of transgenderism, which frames trans people as having an identity disorder or something psychologically wrong with us that makes us âwant to have a gender that is different from our biological sex.â It is a handy way of conceding that gender is social while still maintaining the belief that sex is a real biological thing. It is very common among doctors, cis allies, policy documents about trans inclusivity (the ones Iâve read, anyway), and is also a common opinion among trans people in my experience.
I really dislike this framing for several reasons - one is that it is in fact arguing that gender is biologically based by tying it to our ânatural sexâ (if our gender âconflicts withâ our sex, then gender is still biologically based, and if the reason you want to change your gender is because of mental illness, then a desire to change oneâs gender can only be gained through psychological abnormality). It also maintains sex as something that is real, unchanging, natural, and universal across space, time, and culture. It is none of those things -
sex can change (HRT, surgery, and so on changes our sex, in fact itâs called âsex reassignment surgeryâ and HRT is comminly understood as initiating a âsecond pubertyâ),
sex is not binary - a belief that it is binary is what constructs the category of âintersex,â ie people who donât fit this supposed universal sex binary, and this construction produces medical violence against intersex people by positioning them as medically defective/abnormal,
sex is not ârealâ in the sense that the category of âsexâ is a social construction that bundles a complex series of properties of the body (external genitals, reproductive organs, hormones, chromosomes, gametes, etc) together by claiming they always 100% coincide with each other and form a coherent whole (this is not true, âsexâ is a spectrum because sex refers to many, many things). You can read the work of Julia Serano, a trans biologist who has published many open access essays on this subject. I believe she recently published a piece critiquing the idea that gametes are binary
The process of assigning sex at birth does not even follow this supposed scientific fact properly, because we donât run chromosome checks on infants, we donât do ultrasounds on them to see what their internal organs look like, we donât measure their hormone levels, and so on. Sex assignment at birth is a social process of doing a quick genital inspection of infants and then writing down their sex on birth records based on that inspection, and if those external genitals donât conform to binary understandings of sex (eg the infant is intersex), these genitals are surgically altered to fit this binary model. I believe Adamson describes this in Beyond the Coloniality of Gender as preparing children for a life of âgood heterosexual sexâ (this is a paraphrase, I donât remember the exact quote)
Because sex is a socially constructed category, it is not universal, because social constructs are dependent on the social context they arise in. Iâve read a number of papers from postcolonial/decolonial scholars in particular critiquing this supposed universalism as a form of colonial domination (MarĂa Lugonesâ Coloniality of Gender, Sally Engle Merryâs Colonial and Postcolonial Law, Boris Bertoltâs The Invention of Homophobia in Africa, Jenny Evangâs Is Gender Ideology Western Colonialism?, B Binaohanâs Decolonising Trans/Gender 101. These last two arenât postcolonial works but theyâre very instructive for understanding sex assignment as a deeply oppressive and non-scientific practice: Heath Fogg Davisâ Sex Classification Policies as Transgender Discrimination: An Intersectional Critique and Toby Beauchampâs Going Stealth: Transgender Politics and US Surveillance Practices)
essentially, âsex is biological, gender is socialâ is a massive cop-out that still accepts the framing of binary sexual biological legitimacy, which is the foundational belief that produces transphobic violence and discrimination in society. I really like Judith Butlerâs framing of it Bodies That Matter: if sex is this supposedly biological reality that canât change, but our understanding of sex is only always in reference to our social interpretation and application of it in the world (eg gender), then sex is also socially constructed