토끼

괜찮을 거예요 it will be okay • 괜찮다 fine, alright, okay • -을 거다 future tense (거예요/거야)

기운 내요! cheer up! • 기운 force, spirit, energy • 내다 muster (this is a word that means many things in diff. contexts)

얼른 나으세요 please get better soon • 얼른 quickly, immediately, promptly • 낫다 recover, get well • -(으)세요 imperative, telling someone to do something

건강하게 다시 만나요! see you again in good health! • 건강하다 healthy, strong • -게 in such a way, so that (turns adjective into adverb) • 다시 again • 만나다 to meet • -자 (informal)/-아/어/여요 (polite) let’s

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Great question! First, we need to understand that 하다 is active whereas 되다 is passive! Your next question might be, “but omg, SK101, I’m not good at English grammar, too; what the hell is passive and active?”

Another great question! 

The active voice is when the speaker/subject performs the action or is described directly–they did it, caused it, performed it; you’re gonna see people commonly use these ways to explain the active voice. In English, the active voice can look something like this:

I studied Korean; (저는) 한국어를 공부했어요 

As you can see, I (the subject) am the one that studied Korean of my own volition. I caused the “Korean studying.” 

The passive voice is when the speaker/subject does not perform/cause/do the action. Instead, the subject is affected by the action/performance. I understand this may be difficult to understand, so I’ll spend more time on this. 

When can you use the passive voice?

When we have more interest in the object that experiences the action

When we don’t know (or don’t want to express) who performed the action (this is an academic loophole when we didn't do the proper research to support a claim)

When we want to emphasize the action!

The passive voice is not grammatically incorrect (take it from a linguist and someone who minored in creative writing). You will hear people say that the passive voice is not good or is ungrammatical (some bs like that). Even in Korean, the passive voice is entirely natural and used in everyday contexts. 

The passive voice in Korean may look like this:

한국어가 (저에게) 공부됐어요; Korean was studied (by me)

The prepositional phrase “by me; 저에게” shows that we know who studied Korean. This may still be confusing, so let me give you another example:

부엌을 청소했어요; I cleaned the kitchen.

부엌이 청소됐어요; The kitchen has been cleaned.

Let’s add more context to the sentence to understand the situation better. 

집에 도착했을 때 부엌을 청소했어요; When I got home, I cleaned the kitchen (meaning, I saw the dirty kitchen and cleaned it)

집에 도착했을 때 부엌이 청소됐어요; When I got home, the kitchen was cleaned (meaning, someone (unknown or otherwise) cleaned the kitchen when I was out)

*gasp!* Yes, by now, you've noticed that 이/가 goes with passive!

Now, onto your question: what's the difference between -게 하다 and -게 되다?

-게 하다: causative

The causative aspect shows that A causes B to happen. Pretend you have a younger sibling–here are some examples:

동생은 저를 늦게 했어요; My sibling made me late

저는 동생이 문제를 이해하게 했어요; I made them understand the problem

저를 귀찮게 했어요; You (the sibling) bothered me! 

(저는) 동생을 화장품으로 예쁘게 했어요; I made my sibling pretty with makeup

A (동생/저) causes B to happen. B does not mean the recipient (저/동생) of the action – B represents the action. 

-게 되다; to become (passive)

This grammar point shows that B changes A! Let’s use the examples from above. 

동생이 화장품으로 예쁘게 됐어요; my sibling became pretty with makeup

동생 때문에 제가 귀찮게 되었어요; my sibling has been bothering me

문제가 동생에게 이해하게 되었어요; my sibling came to understand the problem [more literally; the problem was understood by my sibling]

동생 때문에 제가 늦게 되었어요; I became late because of my sibling

Now, I'm sure you've noticed that there are two spellings of a conjugated '되다'. The only difference between '되었어요' and '됐어요' is that '됐어요' is a contraction of '되었어요'. You may have other Korean learners attempt to tell you that you write one [되었어요] and speak the other [됐어요]. This isn't not true; it's just not a rule written in stone. You are very much able to write the contracted '됐어요' instead of the regular '되었어요'. In fact, native Korean speakers do this all the time. It would be like saying we shouldn't write any English contractions because it's not grammatically correct--it's just wrong. The rules of '되다' are more complex than just written and spoken, but that's a blog for another day.

I hope this helped answer your question! If you're still confused, don't hesitate to send me another ask or pm me! I'm always open to clearing up any confusion or directing you to a source that may help!

Happy Learning :)

There are a lot of grammar points in here, so I'll give you an index:

-겠다; intention, will / observation, supposition

-지(요)/죠?; right?, isn't it?

아니다; to not be

N(이/가) + 아니다 + 지요

아니다 + 겠다 + 지요

I sincerely apologize for the length of this post! There's a lot to unpack in just those two phrases, so I hope this helps.

1. -겠다; intention, will (1) / observation, supposition (2)

Phrases you’ll hear/know using -겠다:

(1) 잘 먹겠습니다 – I’ll eat well (aka: I intend to eat well)

(1) 뭐 드시겠습니까? – What will you eat? (높임말)

(1) 잘 하겠습니다 – I’ll do my best!

(2) 맛있겠습니다! – I suppose it is delicious

(2) 피곤하겠습니다 – I suppose you're tired

(2) 내일 비가 오겠습니다! - I suppose it's going to rain tomorrow

When to use -겠다:

Use it for yourself when you want to express first-person intent or will

If you do this, then remember that it’s more common and natural to use -겠다 with formal grammatical patterns (that’s why you see -(스)ㅂ니다 in all the examples)

This pattern also puts more emphasis on the intention than the simpler (으)ㄹ 것이다 future tense; if you use the -겠다 pattern, you mean it, essentially.

Use it when you want to make an observation towards someone or something else

Use it when inquiring about another person’s intent or will

All that said, you can use -(으)ㄹ 것이다 to express a future action in a less formal situation.

뭐 먹을 거야? (with friends) vs. 뭐 드시겠습니까? (as the server)

Note: you can use this pattern in lower formality situations (as an example, 힘들겠어; it seems difficult), it's completely okay! It's just more common to use -겠습니다 when talking about the intended future in a formal situation.

2. -지(요)/죠; right(?), isn't it?

This is used to ask for confirmation from the speaker about an observation! For us Canadians, this is the "eh?" we love so dearly. You can use this as a statement, to agree with the speaker. The difference between 지요 and 죠 is just pronunciation; they're the exact same thing. Examples:

춥죠? - it's cold, isn't it? (Canadian translation: it's cold, eh?)

외국인들은 한국에서 일하기 힘들지요? - it's hard for foreigners to work in Korea, right?

알고 있죠? - you know that, right?

당근이지 - right, of course! (informal)

3. 아니다; to not be

This is pretty self-explanatory. It's the opposite of 이다! When using this verb, make sure you use 이/가 particles! Here are some examples:

그 남자는 배우가 아니에요 - he's not an actor

학생이 아녜요! - I'm not a student

부자가 아니에요? - you're not rich?

4. N(이/가) + 아니다 + 지요

If we combine 아니다 and 지요 we can get sentences that express a negative statement to be confirmed. It's best to illustrate this with examples:

농담이 아니죠? - you're not joking, right?

부자가 아니지요? - you're not rich, are you?

한국인이 아니죠? - you're not Korean, right?

Note: when answering these questions, you have to answer the Korean way; we have to think of if we agree or disagree with the statement. Look here for examples.

5. 아니다 + 겠다 + 지요

Final grammar point! This is also pretty self-explanatory. As we know, -겠다 is used to express an observation or supposition. When we attach -지요, we are expressing that we need the listener to agree with our future observation. Examples:

-겠다 + 지요

쉽겠죠? - I suppose it's gonna be easy, right?

다음 주에 한국어 시험을 어렵겠죠? - The Korean test next week will be hard, right?

When adding 아니다 to 겠지(요)/죠, we are expressing a statement that we (the speaker) believe is a true observation.

Here are examples:

코로나 때문에 한국에 가는 게 아니겠죠? - you aren't going to Korea because of CoVid, right?

감기에 걸렸기 때문에 학교에 오는 게 아니었겠지요? - you didn't come to school because you caught a cold, right?

If you disagree with these statements, you are more than welcome to say so. The question/statement is just an observation that the speaker believes to be true. For example, you could say:

A: 코로나 때문에 한국에 가는 게 아니겠죠? B: 아니요, 돈이 없어서 한국에 못 가거든요 - No (I disagree that it's because of CoVid), I can't go because I don't have money.

BONUS:

~(으)면 좋겠다; I hope ~

You can use this when you want to express the hopefulness of something. The literal translation is "it would be good if~". Here are some examples:

한국에 가면 좋겠어요 - I hope to go to Korea

잘됐으면 좋겠어요 - I hope it goes well

상을 타면 좋겠어요 - I hope I win a prize/award

Ooof!! Finally at the end! Hope this answered your question! As always, if there's anything that you still don't understand, you're more than welcome to send me a pm and we can sort it out together!

Happy Learning :)

PEQUEÑO Y GORDO Y ENOJADO EN 2022

안녕하세요 여러분! I have another Insta post I wanted to share with y’all! I have a regular lesson about -(으)면 되다 and -(으)면 안 되다 that I made a while back, but I feel like this post is a little more accurate and captures its nuance better. So that’s why I’m posting it here too! I hope it’s helpful!

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(으)ㄴ/는 데다가

adjective (으)ㄴ 데다가

진 씨는 잘생긴 데다가 성격도 좋아요

in addition to being handsome, jin also has a nice personality

도 (also) is often used with this structure

present tense 는 데다가

열이 나는 데다가 기침도 많이 나서 힘들어요.

i have a fever, and also coughing, so i am really exhausted

past tense (으)ㄴ 데다가

홈쇼핑이 가격 싼 데다가 편해요

on top of being cheap, home shopping is also comfortable

nouns 인 데다가

유미 씨는 부자인 데다가 똑똑해요

on top of being rich, yumi is also smart

a shorter form can also be used: (으)ㄴ/는 데다

어젯밤에 잠을 못 잔 데다 요즘 일도 많아서 너무 피곤해요