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Cool Ways to Show a Character Is Traumatized (Without Saying "Traumatized"):
• They memorize where every exit is in a room
• They check their phone repeatedly after sending a message, worried they said the wrong thing
• They freeze when asked a simple question, like they’re calculating the safest answer
• They over-explain tiny mistakes before anyone reacts
• They clean up messes that aren’t theirs without being asked
• They listen for footsteps in hallways before relaxing
• They downplay their own pain with humor or sarcasm
• They check locks more than once before bed
• They leave shoes near the door, ready to leave quickly
• They wake up instantly at small sounds while others sleep through them
• They carry painkillers, snacks, or water everywhere “just in case.”
• They don’t like closed doors.
• They test people subtly to see if they'll leave
• They sit near walls or corners, rarely the center of a room.
• Loud noises don’t scare them anymore, they just go very still
• They apologize automatically, even when nothing went wrong
• Compliments make them visibly uncomfortable.
• They keep important things within arm’s reach at all times
• They watch people’s hands more than their faces
• They flinch at movements that aren’t threatening
• When someone raises their voice, they go quiet instead of arguing back
• They assume blame first, even when it makes no sense
• They’re surprised when someone keeps their promise
• They brace themselves before asking a favor
Constellation - a group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky and is named after its resemblance to mythological figures, animals, or objects.
Most of the modern constellations come from the Ancient Greeks, although their origins almost certainly date back before recorded human history.
The stars that make up the patterns are not near each other in space but seem to be grouped together only from the perspective of Earth.
There are 88 official constellations, each assigned a specific area of the night sky.
Among the various figures set in the heavens are Greek heroes, mythological beasts, the pieces of an ancient ship, a painter’s easel, and even strands of a queen’s hair.
Notable Constellations
Orion: Orion is the hunter, who legend says was placed in the heavens by the gods after being stung by Scorpius. Orion is one of the most recognizable patterns in the sky and is famous for its 3-star “belt” and the Orion Nebula, a cloud of gas and dust where new stars are formed. The ancient Egyptians associated Orion with the god Osiris.
Canis Major: The “greater dog” is one of Orion’s two hunting dogs. The constellation contains Sirius, the brightest star in the sky other than the sun.
Centaurus: Centaurus is named after Chiron, the king of the centaurs, who was accidentally killed by Hercules and placed in the sky as a reward from Zeus. Centaurus is a large constellation visible only in the Southern Hemisphere and contains more than one hundred stars, including two of the sky’s top ten brightest.
Ursa Major: The “great bear” is a large constellation in the northern sky. It contains the famous group of 7 stars known as the Big Dipper, which makes up the bear’s “tail.” The Big Dipper is an asterism, a group of stars within a constellation. The Big Dipper is one of the oldest known star patterns. The Chinese saw it as a chariot for the Emperor of Heaven; in Britain it was a plow; in France it was a saucepan; and to the Mayans it was a legendary parrot named Seven Macaw.
Hydra: Named after the legendary serpent slain by Hercules, Hydra is the largest constellation, snaking across more than 3% of the sky.
History
The exact origin of the constellations is unclear, but researchers have traced humankind’s fascination with the night sky as far back as tens of thousands of years.
In 1979, archaeologists unearthed an ivory mammoth tusk dating from about 32,500 years ago that seems to show the figure of the constellation Orion, the hunter.
Images of star patterns have also been discovered on cave paintings in France and Spain from 14,000 to 16,500 years ago.
Many of today’s more recognizable constellations have their origins in the Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations of the third or fourth millennia B.C.E.
The Babylonians also recorded the constellation Orion and referred to it as a heroic hunter figure.
About 3000 B.C.E., the Egyptians observed the constellation Scorpius and called it “the scorpion king.”
These ancient cultures would not have seen the exact same star patterns that exist today.
Because of a slight wobble in Earth’s rotation, called precession, the planet’s axis has shifted over thousands of years, altering the positions of stars in the sky.
The Greeks undoubtedly inherited their knowledge of the constellations from the Egyptians, who received theirs from the Babylonians.
The poet Homer made the first Greek references to constellations in his Iliad and Odyssey around 750 BCE, describing Orion, Boötes, the herdsman, and Ursa Major, the great bear.
About the year 150 CE, the Greek scientist Ptolemy combined his own observations with older scientific works in the Almagest, a book detailing the existing astronomical knowledge of the era.
Ptolemy listed 48 star patterns, including 21 found in the northern skies, 15 in the southern, and the 12 constellations of the zodiac.
The zodiac constellations—Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpius, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, and Pisces—lie along a path of sky called the ecliptic.
The sun, moon, and planets appear to move through the ecliptic, which is the projection of Earth’s orbit around the sun on the celestial sphere.
Ancient cultures often gave these constellations divine importance, leading to the pseudoscience of astrology and the development of the horoscope.
Most of Ptolemy’s 48 constellations are still used in the modern era, except for Argo Navis, the ship sailed by Jason and the Argonauts in Greek myth.
The constellation was later broken up into smaller pieces, such as its sail, stern, and keel.
The Almagest was considered an astronomical standard for more than a millennium.
By the 16th century, European trading vessels were sailing the southern seas and discovering new star patterns unknown to the Greeks.
Advancements in optical technology also made fainter stars visible for the first time.
A German astronomer added two new constellations in 1536, including Coma Berenices, named after the hair of Egypt’s Queen Berenice.
Almost 60 years later, a Dutch astronomer began mapping the southern sky, cataloging several new star patterns.
Other astronomers in the ensuing centuries added even more constellations.
Many of these patterns were given names based on technology of the day:
Circinus, the compass;
Pictor, the painter’s easel; and
Sextans, the sextant.
Constellations were even used to curry favor from royalty.
British astronomers of the 17th and 18th centuries tried to introduce Robur Carolinum (Charles’ Oak), in honor of King Charles II, and Psalterium Georgii (George’s Harp), for King George III.
By the early 20th century, there were many star catalogs being published, often with overlapping or competing constellations.
In 1922, the International Astronomical Union decided to standardize the night sky and agreed upon eighty-eight official constellations and their boundaries.
The boundaries were approved in 1928 and published in 1930.
NOTE: You don't always have to use an alternative to said in order to get your point across! Please avoid overusing dialogue tags, and remember to spice things up in other ways.
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➺ Scanned
➺ Surveyed
➺ Examined
➺ Inspected
➺ Searched
➺ Swept their gaze across
➺ Looked over
➺ Studied
➺ Pored over
➺ Scrutinized
...or if they're admiring something:
➵ Beheld
➵ Gazed at
➵ Admired
➵ Marveled at
➵ Took in
➵ Drank in
➵ Appreciated
➵ Feasted their eyes on
➵ Reveled in
➵ Absorbed
...or if they're shocked or horrified:
̗̀➛ Witnessed
̗̀➛ Stared at
̗̀➛ Gawked at
̗̀➛ Recoiled from the sight of
̗̀➛ Bore witness to
̗̀➛ Froze at the sight of
̗̀➛ Locked eyes on
̗̀➛ Gaped at
̗̀➛ Couldn't look away from
̗̀➛ Found themselves staring at
Liminality - a concept in anthropology and psychology that refers to being in between two stages of life or in the middle of changing from one mode of existence to another.
It has been described as being “betwixt and between.”
Usually involves some sense of uncertainty, as well as the incorporation of a rite of passage or specific event that indicates the completion of the liminal state.
People who lose a job or experience the death of a loved one experience a liminal state as they move from the way things were to the way they will be in the future.
In a similar way, businesses, schools, and other entities experience liminality when major changes in leadership or organization are undergone.
The word liminality comes from the Latin word limen, which means “threshold.”
A threshold is the part of a doorway that is at the point where one transitions from being on one side of the door to the other.
An alternate usage of the word threshold is the point at which something has reached its limit and experiences a change, such as the threshold at which a sound becomes audible and ends the previous silence.
The word liminality, therefore, incorporates the idea of the period of change before one thing becomes something different.
This usage of the concept of liminality originated with Arnold van Gennep.
In 1909, the German-born French ethnographer and folklore expert wrote Les Rites des Passage, in which he described a three-stage process for various rites of passage experienced in different cultures.
These included such experiences as marriage, grief, and coming of age, situations in which a person begins in one state and reaches another.
Van Gennep identified these 3 stages as:
separation,
liminal, and
assimilation.
He described how the person:
separates from the way things were before,
goes through a period of transition and change, and
finally arrives at a place that will become the new normal state for life.
In the 1970s, British cultural anthropologist Victor Turner elaborated on van Gennep’s concepts and applied the idea of liminality to individuals undergoing any change that leaves them in a state between where they started and where they will eventually end up. This includes any life change that creates a fundamental difference in a person’s life, such as:
starting school or a new job,
getting married or divorced, or
moving away from home.
The concept of liminality includes the idea of a radical change from one stage or status to another.
People in liminal stages are usually not fully part of either the stage they used to be in nor fully in the new stage to which they are moving.
EXAMPLES: A person who loses a spouse is no longer part of a couple but has not yet adjusted to the way life will be in widowhood, and
a person who is changing jobs is no longer part of the group of former coworkers but has not yet assimilated into a new group of coworkers or learned all the ins and outs of the new job.
Van Gennep and Turner’s idea of liminality has several required aspects, including the following:
It is both objective and subjective; that is, both an observer and the person experiencing liminality can tell that the state exists.
It is a temporary state.
It is not optional. It must be experienced for the person to move from one stage to the other.
It is supported by others, either the person’s elders or other people going through the same experience.
It is a culturally accepted and recognized transition that others have experienced and described.
It is part of a process that automatically moves to the next logical stage of existence.
Anthropologists and others interested in the study of liminality look for certain hallmarks to identify liminal states.
For the person going through liminality, there is a clear sense of being in a state of transition.
The cause of the change is understood, and there is an expectation that there will be a new state to come, even if the details of that new state or status are unclear.
There are often rites and cultural practices that accompany the state and help define the transition. EXAMPLE:
A funeral or celebration of life ceremony takes place after a loved one passes away.
Liminality also often includes a period when the usual rules and roles do not apply. EXAMPLES:
A person starting a new job is often in a sort of grace period while learning new policies and responsibilities.
Friends of a newly divorced person are often understanding if that person does not attend some social functions or does not call as often as before.
Over time, the person experiencing liminality gradually moves further from the old state and closer to the new one.
This is often facilitated by people who are already in the new state, such as new coworkers, or by those who are or who have recently undergone the same transition, such as a grief support group.
These people help direct and guide the person through liminality to the new stage of life, helping them cope with any anxiety, depression, and uncertainty that can come with the change.
New practices are adopted to replace those that ended with the old state, and the person gradually adopts a new way of living that is in line with the new state.
Experts suggest that those going through a liminal state seek the support of others, who can sometimes include professional counselors.
This can be beneficial when dealing with any feelings of guilt, shame, or inadequacy that might have been caused by changes such as a job loss, divorce, or other separation from family.
It is especially important if the person experiencing liminality played a role in the reason for the change, such as getting fired because of misconduct.
Experts say it is helpful to remember that by definition, liminality is temporary and a new state will eventually begin, and lessons learned while in the liminal state will have lasting benefits in the future.
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How To Portray Grief In Your Writing Based On Character's Personality
Analytical, critical thinking type characters: These character's tend to think about grief by separating themselves from it with logistics. initial reaction will be shock followed by how to fix the problems this is causing. maybe they deal with it by hyper focusing on planning a funeral, or they move onto a different project and completely throw themselves into it. this will probably culminate in one big breaking point where they can't run from it anymore they end up having an uncharacteristic but necessary breakdown. When writing this, the character should not consciously think about distracting themselves, they convince themselves they're fine. Everything is fine. I'm doing fine.
Deep Feeling, emotional, extroverted characters: These characters might be the ones constantly wanting to talk through things, they love human connection and being around people. They'll process grief and loss by embracing connections they still have. They are the most likely to take comfort in the thought of an after life, or a similar belief in stories about transformation after death. They might focus on helping other's deal with the grief as a way to process it themselves. If they do, this might cause them to focus so much on other people that they loose touch with themselves. If they are artistic in any way, they will either throw themselves into art completely or stop it all together. the latter is more likely to happen if their grief is associated with art, if the person who died was a mentor or inspiration.
Deep feeling, emotional introverts: Contrary to popular belief, these are very different from the character type above. They tend to be the nerds who prefer reading to math, and writing to talking. They'll deal with grief by quietly retracting. They tend to do a lot of reflection, but can be susceptible to refusing help or going "off the grid." this stems from the feeling that their pain is an inconvenience to people. they will probably feel like they should hide their pain and this will cause them to get a bit lost in their own head. They will probably need someone to be patient with them, and be present but there so that they don't disappear off the face of the earth.
Athletic, adventurous, outgoing explorer type characters (can be any combination of the three): These are the characters who are the most likely to want to do something risky when faced with grief. They might seek fights with people or purposely put themselves in positions where they know they're going to get hurt. Maybe they just exercise a lot more than is healthy, working themselves to the breaking point, this mostly just stems from desperations to feel anything other than sadness and grief, and other times their grief makes them feel worthless, so much so that they feel like they need to be useful to the point where they will go to any lengths to be useful. They tend to need another person to pull them out, to prove their worth something and that people care about them regardless of whether they're useful. they need someone else to convince them that they can't keep running.
IF YOU HAVE ANY OTHER PERSONALITIES YOU WANT ME TO DO, LET ME KNOW! :)
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