In 2009, Bolivia elected its new indigenous president, Evo Morales. Morales, a former coca farmer with a humble background, is the result of a lengthy political history and colorful. Bolivia has seen a rise and fall of empires, revolutions, bitter turf wars, military coups and conflict with multinational corporations. And somehow all the chaos, is a country that has managed to democratically elect a leader of the poorest and least power of its population. How did this happen? Occupations and independence The first occupation of Bolivia was signed by the Tiwanaku culture, population grew from 600 to 800 AD to urban proportions of a small farming village. Things went very well until 960 AD, when climate change produced great and went to all of the region in 1000 AD, not a good beginning for mankind. After the Incas were in rapid expansion from 1430 to 1530 AD, so that complex systems of roads, irrigation, agricultural terracing and Quechua. Inca expansion was so fast that the Empire was internally weak, and the Spanish do not have much problems to overthrow his arrival in 1532 AD. The Spanish settled in the highlands of Bolivia for two decades, but there was a pretty miserable time of things because of bloody infighting between the conquerors and the rebellions of the oppressed Inca. In 1548 the murder of Gonzalo Pizarro led the Spanish Crown to assert its authority, the establishment of the city of La Paz. Despite a strong influence on the population, the indigenous resistance continued during the period of Spanish rule, with more than 100 rebellions in the 18th century only in Peru and Bolivia. Bolivia's independence grew discontent among the Creoles, Bolivia pure Spanish descent born, and the Spaniards, the Spanish who had traveled from Europe to govern the colony. After the French Revolution, a group of radical criollos were motivated to join a native of Bolivia General to oppose the renewal of the Spanish Constitution in 1812. The general was eventually defeated in the conflict by the rebel armies of Sim n Bolivar? And José Antonio? Sucre. On August 6, 1825, Bolivia declared its independence, Bolivar, considered the founder. Life without the Spanish Things had a good start in the 19 th century with Andrés de Santa Cruz, but the political problems arose from a confederation between Peru and Bolivia, and soon the next 60 years, was dominated by coups and short-lived administrations. Other countries used, since the independence of Bolivia has lost over half its land to the neighbors in war. In 1935, Bolivia was defeated by Paraguay in the Chaco War. This devastating blow discredited ruling class and military service generates political passions in the Indian population. The Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) emerged from the Chaco War in 1941 as a middle-class political coalition, leaving aside Marxism. It was the victory in the 1951 elections, but the results were deemed fraudulent by the opposition, and their right to the presidency was denied. not take part in the rejection lightly, the MNR led a successful rebellion April 9, 1952, and launched the National Revolution. State reforms intended to incorporate the national life of the rural Aymara and Quechua that most of the people of Bolivia, a unique political positioning. Dictatorship to democracy The revolution is completed when a military junta ousted the president in 1964, before a turbulent twenty years of military rule marked by coups, counter-coups, and temporary government. Finally Garicia General Luis Meza carried out a brutal coup in 1980 and subsequent human rights abuses, relations with drug trafficking and economic mismanagement led to the horrible Carter and Reagan administrations in the U.S. to sever ties with Bolivia. To date, the U.S. and Bolivia continue to disagree. The people are tired of the endless devastating to the military, and since the elections of 1985 onwards became democratic governance in Bolivia. Unfortunately, this was was directed by hyperinflation crippling an annual rate of 24,000%. Social unrest, drug trafficking and chronic strikes were the norm. Surprisingly, under the administration of the NRM in 4 years the social and economic stability has been achieved and the army has held firm to the policy. The achievement was somewhat overshadowed by the collapse of tin prices in 1985 which saw 20,000 miners laid off, but continued the trend of an open, honest democratic peaceful transition of power. The administration in the mid-90's began an aggressive policy of privatization of state resources to the Cochabamba "Water War" in which a multinational corporation raised water rates to the point where people protested violently Corporation was expelled from Bolivia, resulting in a successful $ 25,000,000 lawsuit against the government. Corruption crept slowly back into the corridors of Parliament, as many senior politicians were involved in the exploitation of Bolivia's large natural gas reserves. After a series of blockades and violent strikes, abrupt resignations were made by senior officers in government and a complete revision of the Constitution and the renewal of Parliament at the time that a general election on December 4, 2005. Morales intensifies Evo Morales, indigenous leader and former coca farmer, had lost in the 2002 elections after the U.S. comments Ambassador Manuel Rocha warned Bolivians voters if they voted for Morales, U.S. would cut foreign aid and to close their markets to the country. This position was undoubtedly driven by the state of Morales as a former coca farmer and Bolivia's reputation as a producer of one third of all cocaine worldwide. However, not held back the second time, and won the 2005 elections by a comfortable majority of 54% with his Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS). It was the first elected indigenous president in Bolivia's history. Within a year it had nationalized the gas fields in Bolivia, something desired by the indigenous population for years. The views are found on the government of Morales. Since coming to power of four departments in eastern Bolivia have voted for political autonomy, distancing the central government. However, one thing can not be denied Morales is the commitment of the native population, who constitute the majority of Bolivia. In terms of democratic representation and equal rights, the Bolivian government is taking steps for the rest of the world should pay attention.
