#writing combat

Today I want to talk about writing sex and combat (and no, I do not mean combative sex). This post is inspired by a few recent events:

Once, a long time ago, I read a blog post that said “if you can write a combat scene, you can write a sex scene” and that was mind-blowing for me because while I was well-versed in writing erotica, I couldn’t write combat to save my life.

More recently, at Boskone, I participated on a panel about writing combat, and the research involved there-in.

Even more recently, I had someone look at me say, “You’re not a gay guy. How do you write gay sex scenes?”

So. Let’s begin.

I get it—sex and combat aren’t interchangeable. But at their core, they have some strong similarities which can be leveraged while writing. Both are intense, high drama, and can involve a lot of anxiety and quick thought. Both tend to narrow focus down to the moment and the current feeling and action. Both are heightened emotion and physical reaction. Both can involve actions that lie outside the author’s personal experience.

From a prompt posted by a friend on Discord last night. :3 Just thought I would ramble a bit before getting to work, this morning. If you're a writer and want to know what goes through my head as I come up with combat scenes in my stories, then read on. In this way, I hope we both learn a lot. Because I honestly don't think I've ever laid out my "formula" before...

First, know who you're dealing with.

This tutorial is going to stick mostly to the actual writing aspects, but if you're going to do an action series, you should factor in the combat abilities of your characters as you develop them. This doesn't have to be anything fancy. Keep it to the natural human responses at least. In other words, during a conflict, how will your character react:

Fight: Push back

Flight: Run away

Freeze: Do nothing

Knowing just that will give you enough to start thinking these dances through. And indeed, that's what they are - a dance. If you know more, like, specifically what kind of fighting they do, what their strengths in combat are, etc -- all the better, but know that what I list below goes in order from most to least important, and that stuff won't be on the list until the end.

Second, (and always) make the audience care about the action.

This sounds dumb and counterintuitive but people won't find an action scene compelling just because it's an action scene. Not to knock it, because it was brilliant for a different reason and a lot of the writing staff's hands were tied... BUT... During my time as a fan of, all the way into my employment with, Archie-Sonic, I can't tell you how many action scenes happened just because some executive at Sega was like "I think X and Y need to fight." So they would, and for reasons that were muddy at best. I think at one point, we had Sonic and Knuckles literally exchanging this dialogue:

Sonic: Yo dude, be cool. Last time we met, we left on good terms! Knuckles: Maybe, but you're still an intruder and just because you did me that favor on the day my daughter was to be married does not mean I owe you anything in the way of kindness.

IDK, my memory may be foggy, but that was the gist of it. Point is, don't do that - and first make sure your audience understands the motives behind the action, the potential stakes, and why it's all taking place to begin with. Else, you can make it as cool as you want and people are going to walk away with a sense of "that was cool" instead of "holy shit I was freaking out through that whole scene." If there's any question as to what you should be striving for as a writer, it's the latter.

Third, plot it out like it's a mini-story.

To the point - figure out the end first, and work backwards, just like so many writing tutorials have said before. Again, keep it simple: Who wins? Does the conflict result in a casualty of some kind? Does a character learn something?

Before you show how it goes down, you need to establish what goes down as the action happens, and what happens afterwards. Keeping the ending in mind as yo write a scene is always a good way of making it feel tighter. And throwing littlte twists for interest (maybe a character has the upper-hand for all but the end of the fight - maybe a character is losing until a specific turning point, etc) is made much easier, too.

Fourth, mind the rhythm.

A little weird to explain this, but the back-and-forth nature of the scene needs to flow well. Generally, conflict follows a pattern of:

Character acts

Opposition reacts

Opposition acts

Character reacts

If this pattern looks familiar to you, it should. This is the basic pattern of human dialogue as seen in stories and, YES, real life. Consider your scene like a dialogue all its own (even if the characters are talking throughout). The twists and turns I spoke about in the last point should be "off beat" because there's an unexpected nature to them. When a twist happens, consider breaking the above pattern.

Fifth, showcase character traits and skills (again, always).

Some characters have a high sense of honor and would put down their weapons if their opponent was unarmed. Some of them would fight dirty and hit someone with a chair when their back was turned. Some characters are scrappy and will jump into a conflict even when they're sorely outmatched. Some are straight up cowards who might run away even when there's a good chance they could win. Some are smart enough to bow out and will not engage -- hiding at the first sign of trouble. Some will throw snowballs at the oppressor and be surprised when they pull aggro and the dude comes after them.

You get the idea -- fights, conflicts and action scenes are great ways to show your characters' strengths, weaknesses, traits, and personality. Times of struggle are going to lay emotional responses raw, and it's a great way of showing "who someone really is" as it were.

Sixth, showcase unique defensive behavior.

Some characters have specific training: military, martial arts, street-fighting, etc... which, if you're aware of those, should come out during combat or conflict. Some characters have access to weapons. Some characters' bodies are the weapon. Etc, etc etc...

Whatever you do, about the only time you're going to show off the fact that your character knows Muay Thai is during an action scene. If you yourself do not practice this martial art, then research what you need to incorporate to make it believable when you write. Watch videos and write down the ways you would describe the movement. If you're doing a comic, then sketch the movement. Use that in your story.

Last, create more interest by tying in and highlighting story themes or disparities between protagonist characters, antagonist characters, and/or the conflict as a whole.

A little trickier, but if your story has a central theme or moral, try showing pieces of it shining through the action. Just as one wild example, if you have a theme of "love conquers all" this might mean your fight will end with the two people falling in love, instead of fighting. Think like a dungeon master. If you rolled a natural 20 on "try to woo the orc" in a combat situation (remember that comic?) what do you think would happen?

Too, if your combatants have something in common, or especially something that they are diametrically opposed on, feel free to show that off in these scenes. It'll leave the audience knowing them better (and set them up for further head-butting... or romance(?) down the line. And that's always fun).

Anywho, that's just a few of my thoughts on action sequences in fiction. If this helped you, or you want me to talk about this even more -- send me a message or a note or something. Always up for discussing this kind of thing.

And your reward for reading this far is an invite to join my discord if you wanna hear me ramble on about this sort of thing, in perpetuity. :)

Dear Writers,

Knocking someone out is NOT as simple as fiction makes it out to be! In media, antagonists often knock characters unconscious with a blow to the head to move them to a new location or to temporarily remove them from a scene. However convenient this narrative device may be for your scene transitions, it's not reliable in reality and creates unrealistic expectations for your audience about how head trauma actually works.

If you're hit on the head hard enough to potentially render you unconscious, congratulations, you've just sustained a brain injury. At best you'll have a concussion with all its accompanying symptoms; at worst, a serious or poorly placed head injury can lead to permanent disability, cognitive impairment, personality changes, or even death. The brain is incredibly delicate, and any trauma significant enough to cause unconsciousness is, by definition, causing damage to a vital organ.

There is no safe way to knock someone unconscious. Despite what fiction portrays with characters routinely receiving blows to the head and waking up minutes or hours later with only a headache, the reality is far more serious and potentially life-threatening.

It's also not certain that a blow will even render someone unconscious as intended. Human responses to trauma vary widely based on numerous factors including the location of impact, force applied, and individual physiology. They may just end up with a sore head, resulting in an awkward situation for your would-be assailant character, or they might suffer severe trauma without losing consciousness at all.

If you do want to write a scene where someone is knocked unconscious, keep in mind that they will have sustained a concussion. Typically symptoms are temporary (a few days to a few months): headaches, confusion, memory loss, balance issues and fatigue. However, these symptoms can significantly impact a character's ability to function normally, which should be reflected in your narrative if you're aiming for realism. Multiple concussions compound the damage and increase the risk of long-term complications. For athletes in contact sports like boxing, people with damage multiple head injuries are often labeled “punch drunk”, which is the colloquial term for chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a progressive, fatal brain disease.

That being said, don't let realism stop you from writing interesting scenes. Fiction allows for creative liberties, but understanding the real-world consequences can help you decide about to adhere to reality and when to diverge for storytelling purposes.

Your character is unarmed and all they have left to fight with is their bare hands. If they hope for the enemy to catch their hands, you will have to write an effective scene. So how can we write a good hand to hand combat scene?

Most Common Moves

Now, I'm not going to list 30+ martial arts moves. Most of your characters will not be masters of kung fu or mixed martial arts. Most people who get into fights are novices.

Punch: a punch is probably to go to strike. Try not punch anybody in the face because one, they will expect it and two, it will hurt your hand. If you can aim for the soft parts of an opponent, kidneys or gut.

Kick: Kicking isn't pretty but it is effective. A good swift kick to the back of somebody's knee will fold them like a lawnchair.

Go for the groin: Man or woman getting kicked in the nether regions is no picnic. A good swift kick with your foot or your knee can incapacitate your opponent. Its not the most honourable of moves but it works.

An Elbow strike is effective: The elbow is your strongest point of attack. Drive it in to a windpipe or a gut and you can but yourself valuable time to retreat or stall your opponent from answering back.

Eyes: they are weak points. Jab somebody in the eyes with a thumb and they will stop in their tracks.

Throat: You can end any fight by going straight for the throat either grasping it in a headlock or jabbing it with a fist which can collapse the windpipe.

Bite: If you are unable to snack your opponent, use your teeth. The human bite is perhaps not as strong as a hyena's but it is strong enough to shorten your opponent by a finger or two.

How to Escape from Grips and Holds

Pinned from behind with your arms pinned: You have to stop your opponent from getting to a headlock. Move your hips to one side and strike backwards toward the groin or gut. This should weaken the hold of your opponent. Once the grip is loosened, turn toward your opponent and snack them into the nose with the heel of your hand.

Held from behind: Bend forward as far as you can making it more difficult for your opponent to lift you. Jab with your elbows back into your opponent's chest or face. Turn toward your opponent once the grip loosens and strike at the face or the groin again to subdue your opponent.

Headlock: If your opponent has you in a headlock, DON'T STRUGGLE. You could break your own neck. Turn into your opponent's side as close as possible. With your hand that is furthest away, hit your opponent into the groin or gut.

Pinned down on the ground: Most likely your opponent is using their own hands and weight to keep you down. If you can move your knees, try to jab them in the side or the groin to unbalanced them.

Things to Remember

1. The whole 6-10 minute bout only happens in films or controlled sporting events. Fights are usually over within a few minutes. (when writing effective fights, keep the pace short.)

2. Girls are vicious. I've worked in nightclubs and broke up a fair few fights. Boys will knock the shit out of each other but girls will tear shreds out of each other. I have known grown men to break up fights between guys but nobody wants to break up a catfight.

3. One wants the fight to end quickly. If you keep slugging at each other, you'll get tired pretty fast. Have your character try end the fight as soon as possible.

4. Nobody emerges from fights unscathed. Even winners may come out with black eyes, broken noses or at very least a broken lip. If you punch someone, you will likely bruise your knuckles if not split them.

Hey Anon! I’m happy to help as best I can!

Full disclosure, I am a LARPer too and an enthusiastic amateur at a few different fighting styles. One thing I’m always careful to do when picking out a costume for a LARP character is making sure they have maximum mobility (and comfort for various temperature levels, but that doesn’t apply here). You know a martial arts gi, those sort of loose pajamas with tough fabric? If you’re not wearing protective armor, that really is the ideal clothing style for movement: loose pajamas. 

But your characters are in dresses! First of all, there are a wide variety of dresses, a loose dress, especially one with a short skirt may be less constricting than people realize as long as you’re not worried about flashing your bloomers which in a life-or-death struggle, you would not be. After all, if you look back at kilts or Roman legionnaire leather pteruges, that’s what certain cultures used before pants. 

That said, a long dress could still create problems. For which I invite you to inspect this image: 

If you’ve read the Bible, or heard it read, or just are immersed in a Christian-influenced society, you may have heard the term “girding your loins” when someone is getting ready for combat or a struggle. If these are experienced fighters and the skirts can be tied up (ie, don’t have a thousand layers of petticoats) this is one solution I would consider while fighting. 

If these are tighter skirts and there are blades available, I might just say “to hell with it” and slice my own riding slit so that I can gird (as seen above) or just to improve my mobility. 

Now, if the constricting element is corsets, remember for realism that bending in half is quite challenging if not impossible. Perhaps worth of just cutting yourself free if you’re a flexible fighter, but if you’re a fencer, for example, part of the style actually includes keeping your back straight so having a restrictive corset doesn’t necessarily mean much change at all. In fact, one can find many pictures and prints from the 19th century of women fencing in dresses:

In fact, fencing and ballroom dancing have so many similarities (I’ve taken classes in both) that it’s easy to see how one’s dancing instructor might also be one’s fencing instructor in genteel circles, given the intricacies of footwork and most importantly how to maintain distance with your partner (or opponent), which is a critical and often overlooked aspect of combat and of ballroom dancing.