#transmembrane

In this field, membrane filtration plays a crucial role in separating contaminants from water. One of the key parameters that influence membrane performance is Transmembrane Pressure (TMP). TMP is essential to understand for maintaining efficiency and optimizing filtration processes. In this blog, we will explore what transmembrane pressure is, its importance, and how it is calculated.

What is Transmembrane Pressure (TMP)?

TMP’s full form is Transmembrane Pressure. TMP is the pressure difference between the feed (incoming water) and the permeate (filtered water) across a membrane. It serves as a critical indicator of membrane performance and fouling in filtration systems such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO).

Also Read: Water TDS Level: Understanding Safe and Unsafe Ranges

Membrane fouling

Membrane fouling plays an important role in the field of wastewater treatment. Membrane fouling is a process that occurs when particles, chemicals, or biological matter accumulate on the surface or within the pores of a membrane, reducing its performance and lifespan. It is a common issue in membrane-based filtration systems, such as those used in water treatment, wastewater management, and industrial processes.

New Insight in Human Lactonase PON2 by Giuseppe Manco in Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (BJSTR) https://biomedres.us/fulltexts/BJSTR.MS.ID.000424.php

An overview of two signal transduction pathways involving insulin: insulin release in response to rising blood glucose level; and the action of insulin to release GluT4 to lower blood glucose levels.

The response of β cells to high glucose is by oscillating calcium levels in the β cell, the islet, and the entire pancreas. It is thought that by oscillating, the cells do not desensitise to the signal of high glucose level.

The action of insulin is to translocate GluT4 receptors to the plasma membrane to increase uptake of glucose into the cell. This is done by an PIP3 signalling pathway. There also exists a PIP3-independent pathway, but this isn't so well understood.