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Want to know about the efficiency level of various masks to decide which one to use in this Covid-19 pandemic? Then, for you here goes our little attempt. Our write up presents you with various types of masks with respective effectiveness in fighting against the Covid-19 germs. Here we go!

VARIOUS MASKS AND THEIR PROTECTION EFFICIENCY

N95 MASK

A n95 mask first of all makes it sure that its edges are very close to your face so that not a millimeter of space is left. Being so closely fit to your face, the mask primarily filters out airborne pollutants like dust, fume and mist.

Most importantly, the mask is highly capable of fighting against the Covid-19 germs by 95%. Besides, it can deal with other pollutants - bacteria, pollen and dust of 0.3 microns by 100%. Moreover, if your n95 mask features a valve inside then it also decreases the exhalation resistance so that you can breathe far easily.  

KN95 MASK

To be straightforward, the efficiency of a Kn95 is almost similar to that of a n95 mask. Yet, there is something to make a differentiation between the two. What are those? Let’s give you a detail:

Kn95 mask requires comparatively less strict requirements for pressure drop when you inhale or exhale.

Kn95 mask comes through a mask fit test while the n95 doesn’t.

SURGICAL MASK

A surgical mask popularly known as face mask unlike n95 or Kn95 features a loose fitting. But, it doesn’t mean that the mask leaves you completely vulnerable to the Covid-19 germs and other pollutants.

Studies show that a face mask is able to kill viruses by 95%. In addition, its efficiency in fighting against the pollutants like pollen, dust and bacteria is 80%.

FFP1 MASK

Just like a surgical mask, an FFP1 also battles against the Covid-19 virus by 95%. And, its efficiency in fighting against the pollutants like pollen, dust and bacteria is also 80%. Then what is the thing that makes FFP1 distinct?

That thing is the internal leakage rate. An FFP1 mask retains particles by 22% maximum while the rate might be a bit higher with a surgical mask.

ACTIVATE CARBON MASK

If you have been looking for a washable mask that you can use by replacing the filter then activated carbon is the mask for you. But, the unfortunate fact is that its virus killing efficiency is 10% only. In addition, its battling rate against other airborne contaminants is 50%.

CLOTH MASK

A cloth mask is made of a piece of cloth that may be of designee but its efficiency against viruses and pollutants is really poor. Although, it can fight back the bacteria, pollen and dust by 50% yet it cannot deal with the Covid-19 virus a bit.

SPONGE MASK

The position of a sponge mask in terms of efficiency in fighting back the virus and airborne pollutants is bottomless. The mask can resist the attack of bacteria, pollen and dust by 5% and the attack of virus by 0%.

FINAL WORDS

So, these were all about the mostly used everyday masks. Now, the decision is up to you which one you want to pick, for which purpose. But, if you ask our recommendation then that will obviously go for n95, kn95 and surgical mask.

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Just like fabric, leather can be patched as well, although very few leather users are aware of the fact. This is why they cannot think more than changing the damaged leather without even trying to patch it. In case, you are one of those persons then this article opens a door of possibility for you displaying how you can patch leather easily.

HOW TO PATCH LEATHER?

There are a couple of methods for patching leather but it’s not possible to present all of those here and it will be unwise as well. Therefore, here, we will be presenting you with how to patch leather using sub patch, glue, filler, leather dye and finish. You can adopt the method for both minor and major patching.

Take a sub patch of any color and cut it out as per the size of tear or rip of your leather. Remember that after cutting, the patch size must be a large rectangular with 2-times more side than the rip or tear.  

Insert the patch into the rip and place it under the torn area. For a comfortable and secure insertion, you can adopt a pair of tweezers.

Use a piece of palette to apply glue just between the leather beneath and patch. Make sure that you have applied the glue everywhere equally. Wipe away the excess glue that comes out of the rip.

Keep pressing the glued zone using any tough surfaced material so that a strong bond is created between patch and leather. Let the glue dry up.

Wet a clean piece of rag with 70% isopropyl and wipe the damaged area gently.

Is there any loose or dangling fiber? Trim it off using a sharp scissors. Otherwise, leather filler won’t be able to create an enliven surface.

This is the time to apply leather filler to the gap of the leather edges using a palette knife. You should use the palette’s flat side to smooth out the filler. You can use a piece of paper towel to wipe away the excess filler coming out of the gap.  

Leave the filled area to be dried up. How much time you should wait? Well, you can check the filler’s instruction for learning it.  

Make the patched zone invisible making it of the same color of your leather. For this, you must have the right color either purchased or made by own. Start dabbing a little amount of dye all over the repaired area using a wet sponge. Keep dabbing until you feel like the area is hidden completely.

Finally, dab a little amount of leather finish using a soft rag piece and let the finish dry up.

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If you’ve invested in a quality leather bag or coat, a tear doesn’t have to mean the end of its life. (Although, it could mean the end of the life of whoever tore it.) Obviously, a leather professional ought to be your first choice to repair leather tears in an heirloom-quality leather bag or another high-value item. But if that’s not an option, or if you’re just the DIY type, then here are 5 steps to repair small leather tears on your own.

1. REPOSITION TORN LEATHER EDGES.

Using the dull end of the needle, position the torn leather back into place the best you can. Apply a piece of scotch tape or painters tape over the tear to hold the leather in position. (*Press the tape onto your skin a few times to remove some of the stickiness first.)

2. LOCATE TEAR FROM THE INTERIOR.

Turn the bag or jacket inside out and locate the area of the tear from the interior. If your item is lined, see if there is seam already near the tear. If so, use a seam ripper to carefully open the seam to access the underside of the tear. (If no seam, use fingernail scissors to carefully cut a hole in the lining to access the torn leather.)

3. APPLY FABRIC PATCH.

Using fabric glue, affix the scrap of patch fabric to cover the tear (still working on the interior side of the leather). Your fabric will obviously need to be larger than the tear in order to adhere and properly patch the tear. Hold the patch in place for a few minutes to allow the glue to set before proceeding.

4. FINISH PATCH ON EXTERIOR

Turn to the exterior side of the leather. Carefully remove the tape. Using the dull end of the needle, gently open the edges of the tear and spread a drop of fabric glue between the fabric and the torn edges of the leather. Wipe away any excess and allow the glue to set for several hours before proceeding. We do not recommend using a hairdryer or other heat source to speed up the setting or drying process. The hot air from a hairdryer is much too harsh for leather.

5. CLOSE UP REPAIR ON THE INTERIOR.

Return to the interior lining of the bag or coat. Using your needle and thread, stitch the hole closed that was opened to access the underside of the leather.  Don’t stress out about this part - it’s on the inside, and you’ll probably be the only one to ever know it’s there.

PRO TIP:

You may have noticed that the repair compound is not part of the process. Repair compound is actually better suited for addressing scratches, not tears. But on the subject of scratches, it’s important to remember that high-quality leather bags are meant to show some age—and some of this aging includes minor marks and scratches. Your best bet for developing that well-aged look over time (and keeping your leather supple and more resistant to real damage) is to apply leather conditioner on a regular basis. Apply leather conditioner every 3 to 6 months (depending on how rough you are on your bag or coat), and keep your leather in good shape for the long haul.

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Cotton has been around for centuries and has been worn by people since ancient times. Today, it is woven, dyed and sewed into a wide variety of goods. This natural fiber is used to make jeans, towels, curtains, dresses and more. It is also blended with other materials to make fabrics, such as polyester. Cotton is also used in other products ranging from paper to coffee filters. One problem that occurs with cotton clothing is that it has a tendency to shrink. Here is how to keep cotton pants from shrinking.

Read the care label to see if the cotton pants require special care. Some manufacturers may suggest hand washing or dry cleaning the cotton pants. Read the directions to see if special care is required.

Wash the cotton pants in the washing machine, using cold water. Warm and hot water are likely to cause shrinkage. Use a mild detergent, such as Woolite, that is gentle on fabric.

Remove the cotton pants from the washing machine when the cycle has ended. Shake the pants to help get the wrinkles out and hang them on a drying rack. Do not put them in a dryer as the heat will shrink the fibers. Do not hang them in the sun as the warm heat from the sun will also shrink clothing.

A tear in any material of jacket is possible to fix with the right techniques. The easiest tears to repair are smaller tears, less than 3 inches in length. It is possible to repair larger tears, but they will still be visible to the naked eye after repairing. Always use the correct repair method for your coat’s material and take your time. The best repairs are created with patience.

Leather Coat

Clean about 1 inch of leather surrounding the tear with rubbing alcohol and a soft cloth.

Cut the leather repair cloth to a size one inch larger than the tear on all sides. Cut a rounded shape to prevent peeling. Slide the repair cloth beneath the tear with tweezers. Glue the patch to the leather with the enclosed glue.

Apply the leather filler to the tear between the leather patch and the original leather. Fill the tear until the filler sits at the same level as the rest of the leather. Use a leather grain patch to add texture to the filler and to match the rest of the leather grain. Allow the filler to dry for one hour.

Sponge on a leather dye to match the color of the filler to the original leather color. Allow the color to dry for one hour, then condition the entire area with leather conditioner.

Nylon Coat

Trim away any excess threads from the tear.

Pull the two sides of the tear together. Place a round patch of clear duct tape over the front of the tear.

Apply a coat of seam grip sealant over the back side of the tear. Allow the glue to dry for 24 hours.

Remove the tape from the front of the coat. The tear is now patched and will not open again on its own.

Fabric Coat

Trim any loose ends of fabric from the tear.

Pull the two sides of the tear together.

Leather does stretch; in fact, leather belts in machinery will stretch about 6 percent over the life of the belt. You likely have not noticed it, but a belt that you have worn for years has likely gained a percent or two in length; but if it is too small, you’ll need to stretch it more actively. Any stitching or boarding will inhibit stretching; still, it is worth a try to lengthen the useful life of a good belt.

Another Hole

If you have the length, the simplest way to stretch the life of the belt (other than stretching the leather) is to punch another hole. Measure the spacing of the existing holes and mark where you wish to punch a new hole. Use a leather punch if you have one; otherwise, use a drill and drill bit for a perfect, round hole.

Saddle Soap

You may simply wet the belt and wear it. Water is not as poisonous to leather as you would believe, and a wet belt will stretch fairly readily. Use saddle soap, which will keep the belt from drying out and will condition it as well. Manufacturers usually advise against soaking the leather through, but you need to do so to stretch the belt. Wear it until the belt dries.

Alcohol

As an alternative, mix a solution of three parts warm water to one part isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol in a spray bottle. Spray the belt well, front and back, and put it on—a bit tight, if you can bear it. Wear it around the house until the belt has dried. Your body heat, and the evaporative property of alcohol, will help it to dry in a few hours. You should notice that the belt has stretched. Repeat as necessary.

Chemical Stretch

If the above fails, you will require a shoe stretching chemical. The most readily available are from Kiwi, such as its Universal Shoe Stretch, for smooth and nap leathers. These products break down the collagen in leather, which lends living flesh its firmness and leather its sturdiness. You use these as you would the water/alcohol solution, spraying the belt front and back and wearing the belt until it dries, repeating as needed. Despite the volatile organic compounds in these products, they will not harm you in contact with your skin.

Conditioner

A belt should not shrink with constant use, but a conditioner will ensure that it maintains its length. Use a lanolin-based conditioner, which will not stain your clothing as an oil-based conditioner will.

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The tuxedo is a stylish suit worn by men. Its look has not changed much over the years but still manages to look classy. A tuxedo is used for weddings, parties or even just for a romantic evening. Some gentlemen choose to use suspenders or braces for more support or even a more fashionable add-on. There are a few different kinds of suspenders for the tuxedo, each with its own charm and contribution.

Pick out your suspenders. The number one thing to keep in mind when choosing suspenders is comfort. Make sure they fit reasonably well. Suspenders are adjustable, but it would be a better idea to make sure you buy the right size and length for your body.

Examine the suspenders to verify what kind they are. They may either be fastened to the belt with a waistband clip, or they may have holes in the ends. If there are holes in the ends, these are to be fastened onto the pants. The pants come pre-equipped with buttons just for this purpose.

Fasten the suspenders either by clip or button. Adjust them to the correct length, so the pants are high on the waist but are comfortable and do not rest too high or low. The pants should not be worn any lower than 2 inches below the belly button or any higher than the belly button.

Check that the suspenders are not too tight on the shoulders. If they are, loosen them to the correct length.

Keeping suede and leather items of clothing looking new and untarnished is a fairly easy task. One of the most important things to remember when caring for suede and leather is that exposure to inclement weather conditions can stain and scuff the items. Additionally, both suede and leather items need cleaning and preventative maintenance on a regular basis to ensure the material remains soft, supple and moisturized. Failure to do this can result in cracked and dry material.

Caring for Suede

Treat new suede with a waterproofing spray. Give the item a light coating of the spray, then place it in a cool area. Once the suede is dry, rub any areas that look dull or mussed with an emery board to fluff up the fibers.

Clear loose stains, such as dirt and sand, with a suede brush. If the stains are sticky, such as rock salt or mud, dab at them with a soft, damp cloth.

Mix a few drops of dry-cleaning solvent with a handful of sawdust and apply it to any stains that are greasy or set-in, such as oil. Brush the area with the suede brush after the stain is removed. Dry-cleaning solvent can discolor suede, so test it on a hidden area before applying it to the stain to make sure it won't damage the item.

Visit a professional suede cleaner for stains that can't be removed using one of the home care methods.

Caring for Leather

Apply a waterproofing spray to leather items when they are new. Dry the items in a cool place, then condition them with a leather lotion to keep the material soft and breathable. Repeat this treatment about every three months to make sure they don't become stained or cracked.

Allow wet leather items to air-dry in a cool place; direct heat from a dryer, heater or fireplace can dehydrate the leather. Apply a leather lotion to the items when they are nearly dry to restore flexibility to the fabric.

Wipe away dirt, rock salt, dust and other surface stains with a dry sponge. If stains or marks remain, treat the leather with a cloth dipped in a solution of 1 cup of water and 1 tablespoon of white vinegar.

Rub away surface scuff marks with a gum eraser.