#testing and differences

heredity - 

studies show that the IQ correlation in pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins

studies of adopted children show that IQs are more correlated with biological mother's IQ than adoptive mother's IQ

environment - 

studies of identical twins raised separately supports the hypothesis that environment is important in determining IQ

the correlation between IQ scores of identical twins raised apart is lower than that of identical twins raised together

identified +1,500 California elementary school kids with IQs of 140 and up. 

conducted a longitudinal study by tracking their progress through school and into adulthood

called them, affectionately, the 'termites'

the gifted children went on to achieve a high level of academic and career success

term applied to individuals who score significantly above average in general intellectual functioning

term applied to individuals who score significantly below average in general intellectual functioning

only about 1-3% of people are classified as mentally retarded

like the S-B test, Wechsler's test had a final, single IQ score

instead of using the S-B test's formula for calculating an IQ score, Wechsler determined how far a person's score deviates from the scores of others in the same group

Alfred Binet - 

developed a series of tests to measure the mental abilities of school children, focusing on mental abilities such as memory and distinguishing similarities/differences. 

discovered that brighter children performed at the same level as older children - leading him to make a distinction mental and chronological ages. 

different cultures recognise/value different abilities - ex: rulers of Austria prized and rewarded musical skills - Vienna became the music capital of Europe

musical intelligence is one of many "multiple intelligences" recognised and defined in a culture.