#sugaar

From Storm Vol. 5 #012, “Thunder War Ends”

Art by Mario Santoro and Fer Sifuentes-Sujo

Brief mythological (and historical) dictionary of 'Irati'

@asongofstarkandtargaryen @queenmiriamele @luceirosdegolados @isadomna

Irati is a compendium of Basque mythology, it involves a review of many of its main figures, focusing on the "regent" of all creatures, the goddess Mari, embodied in the film by the actress Itziar Ituño. The filmmaker confesses that "many more" creatures appear in feature films than one is capable of perceiving, not in vain has he "played" to blur the lines between some mythological beings and others and to "mix". In an exercise of synthesis of the oral tradition, to which scholars such as the priest and anthropologist Joxe Miel Barandiaran dedicated a large part of their work, and with the desire to contextualize the spirit of Irati and the myths that through her gain new life, we offer you a small glossary of creatures, men and facts.

Aker: The goat is one of the beings that is not exclusive to Basque mythology, but also belongs to other traditions and religions. It is associated with the goddess Mari due to its healing abilities, but it is also associated with witchcraft. Not surprisingly, the term akelarre refers to the cult in which akerbeltz was venerated, an animal that, according to Barandiaran, was raised in homes to prevent cattle from getting sick. In fact, Barandiaran refers to him as a protective divinity. In different oral traditions of the Basque Country, he lives in a cave with a snake and is the custodian of a treasure. However, the witch hunt, which in the case of the Basque Country was promoted by Pierre de Lancre in the 17th century, caused the cult of the goat to be associated with the devil.

Basajaun: Being a giant humanoid in shape and covered in hair that lives in the depths of the forest or caves. This numen is related to traditional trades, with livestock, agriculture and blacksmithing. Thus, Basajaun is in charge of scaring the wolves to prevent them from attacking the sheep, which announce its presence with the unison ringing of their cowbells. The fact that it is considered the origin of various trades refers to the myth of Prometheus, the titan who stole fire from the gods to give it to humans, an act for which he was severely punished. According to Barandiaran, Basajaun was the first farmer from whom men, through deceit, obtained the first seed. The Gipuzkoan priest and anthropologist also highlighted that he is considered the first blacksmith and the first miller and, just like what happened with the first seed, the human being also stole the secrets for the manufacture of the saw, the axis of the mill and metal welding. Due to its characteristics it is also considered a jentil.

Eneko Aritza: Eneko Enekoitz, nicknamed Aritza (the oak or the strong), was the first king of Pamplona. The Latin sources name him as Enneco Ennecones, while the Muslims call him Wannaqo ibn Wannaqo. In this second feature film by Urkijo, he is played by Eneko Sagardoy and, along with the character played by Edurne Azkarate (Irati), he is one of the film's protagonists. The Álava filmmaker presents an Eneko before being crowned –he reigned between the year 824 and 852–. His father, also called Eneko (in the film he is played by Iñigo Aranbarri), was one of the leaders of the peninsular Vasconia who ambushed Charlemagne in Errozabal, in a contest that Otsoa Lupus II led from continental Vasconia.

Gentil or jentil: Wild giants of immense strength that lived in mountains or caves and were capable of lifting and throwing large stones. The jentil name is found in a multitude of Basque place names throughout the country's orography. The cromlechs and dolmens are, according to oral tradition, vestiges of these pagan builders who came to live in harmony after the spread of Christianity.

Lamia: Beautiful woman who combs her hair with a golden comb. Although it is anthropomorphic in shape, its feet can be those of a duck, chicken, or goat. It can be found on the banks of rivers and usually requires offerings, generally food (wheat, cornbread, cider, curd or milk). He usually rewards those who give him offerings in various ways. The philosopher Andrés Ortiz-Osés, in his work The Mother Goddess, in which he reflects on the figure of the goddess Mari and her cohort, speaks of the lamias as half nymphs and half mermaids, alluding to Greek and Latin myths. In this sense, Barandiaran neatly collected the different perspectives from which these beings have been described, either as numenas that help in farming or as beings that kidnap men on a whim. The advent of oxen-drawn plows (that is, technology) and the proliferation of Christian hermitages brought about the disappearance of lamias.

Mari: Main goddess of the Basque pantheon and one of the central figures in the film Irati. Urkijo highlights the telluric character of the deity and represents her as Mother Earth herself. As in Paleolithic religions, cavities represent the womb of life and she lives there, in the depths of a cavern, although paying attention to Barandiaran, she tends to periodically change homes by jumping from one mountain to another. She is the mother of the rest of the creatures that make up our mythology and, as Ortíz Osés explains, the goddess Mari is "omniparent", that is, she is the origin of everything and, at the same time, everything is linked. It usually appears combing her hair, cooking or spinning. The four elements converge in it and can be the source of storms and droughts. She is often consulted as an oracle and also rewards those who believe in her. It can be conjured by throwing or stacking pebbles.

Orreaga or Errozabal: In recent years, especially as a result of the investigations carried out by Xabier Irujo, the battle of Orreaga (the researcher claims the place name Errozabal) which took place in the year 778 has acquired new interest. The director of the Center for Basque Studies at the University of Nevada, Reno (USA), after almost a decade of studies using the original sources in Latin, denied many of the legends that have come down to our days, the majority of Frankish origin and that they were written 50 years after the death of Charlemagne (in the year 814) and also the events of the Chanson de Roland.

Before becoming emperor, Charlemagne, king of the Franks, undertook a campaign to develop the Hispanic March, a crusade whose objective was to consolidate a kingdom in the Pyrenees that would act as a barrier to prevent the advance of the Muslim kingdoms, after the start of their invasion in 711. With this objective he conquered the peninsular Pyrenees, that is, Navarra, including Pamplona. After failing in the attempt to conquer Zaragoza, Charlemagne, accompanied by 20,000 men, withdrew to Iruñea and, after destroying it, began the return trip through Errozabal, following a wooded path that connected Auritz with Luzaide.

Due to the narrowness of the track, the men had to march in a line, forming a line of between eleven and fourteen kilometers. It was then when the union between continental and peninsular Basques attacked the neck of the army, behind where the treasure was marching, producing what is known as the battle of Orreaga or Errozabal and which brought the defeat of Charlemagne's army, who fled from the fight and took refuge in Herstal, Belgium.

Irati seeks to be faithful to the latest research but, by ascribing to the sword and sorcery genre in the style of Legend or Willow, Urkijo did not want to miss out on the fantastic options that the Chanson de Roland allows.

Sugaar: A male snake. In some areas of the country, such as Ataun, Sugaar is a being that crosses the sky forming a fiery sickle figure. His presence announces the approach of a great storm. In other places, such as Azkoitia or Zarautz, on the other hand, the snake is the son and lover of the goddess Mari, as well as being the one who combs her hair. When both come together the heavens roar.

Tartalo: One-eyed man-eating creature. He is related to his Greek counterpart, Polyphemus, the son of Poseidon who was blinded by Odysseus in the Odyssey. Tartalo, according to Barandiaran, may be a corrupted version of Basajaun. Very present in the oral tradition of the municipalities of Goierri, Tartalo kidnaps human beings to devour them in the cave that he uses as his home and in which he lives with his sheep.

Mari and Sugaar from Basque Mythology

From Storm: Earth’s Mightiest Mutant #001, “Tea Ceremonies, Masquerades and Funerals”

Art by Federica Mancin and Java Tartaglia

Irati -> First trailer @asongofstarkandtargaryen

Year 778 A.C Western Pyrenees

"Your father did what he had to to protect our kind"

"Father!"

"When I'm gone one day you'll take care of the valley"

"Promise me"

"Boy, you'll have to be strong to be a leader"

"Eneko the young can't be a leader"

"I stand before the cross to be the Christian leader of the valley"

"Who?"

"Luxa"

"She is to blame for continuing to believe in pagan tales"

"There's a deep cave in the heart of the forest"

"You may find the answer there"

"My grandaughter will guide you."

"Irati"

"A soul flies tonight"

"To die"

"Don't stop!"

"I don't believe in tales"

Everything that has a name is

"To die"

"Irati"

"Forget my name and don't say it again"

Here's Irati's first trailer, it can be watched now in the Eitb (the Basque TV) web page. It looks promising!

Although I have read that probably the film will not be on cinemas until February 2023 :"(

Mythological aspects:

Wow! It seems that those creatures that appear between 1:13-1:18 are the Basajaun.

And in 1:18-1:20 probably it's when Eneko's father meets goddess Mari, because is her human form Mari is often described as a woman with abundant blonde hair that she combs, in the sun, with a golden comb. Probably Mari will be the one who unleash the storm during the battle.

I love the transition between 0:46-0:48, showing a sculture of Maria and then a cave art that represents Mari, showing the theme about syncretism of the Basque mythology into Christian beliefs:

In the cave art it can also be seen a symbol inside Mari, that seems to be a kind of representation of god Sugaar or Maju in form of a lauburu with some more arms.

Sugaar or Maju is Mari's husband, and usually is represented as a giant snake or a dragon. It represents elements of fire and air, meanwhile Mari is often linked to water and earth. He travels from one place to another as a ball of fire.

Mari and Sugaar have two children, Atarrabi and Mikelatz, who represent the goodness and evilness, and in some other legends, Eguzki and Ilargi, the sun and moon goddess, respectively.

Although Sugaar has other son with the princess of Mundaka, Jaun Zuria, the mythological first Lord of Bizkaia.

It is said that Mari lies with Sugaar on Friday, the day when ancient akelarres were celebrated, and they cause strong storms.

The lauburu symbol is often linked with them because the lauburu represents the sun, but also the four elements: earth, water, air and fire, and male and female duality.

Historical aspects:

About the setting of the film, it looks like the film will start by the first battle of Roncesvalles/Orriaga in 778, when Eneko is a kid, and great part of the film will be set in the late 790's when Eneko is already an adult.

Knowing that the film is inspired in the El Ciclo de Irati comics (which one day I will do a couple of posts about them), I believe that is very possible that this Eneko is Eneko Arizta/ Eneko Enekoitz or Iñigo Arista/Iñigo Íñiguez, in castilian, (770-854), son of Eneko Semenoitz (Iñigo Jiménez) and Oneka of Pamplona/Oneka Iruñekoa, Lord of Pamplona and founder of the Arista-Íñiguez dinasty, and in the past he was considered the first "king" of Pamplona (Iruña)/Navarra (Nafarroa), although it has been currently studied that he wasn't truly a king, but his descendants were.

Some time after her husband died, Oneka converted to Islam and married Musa ibn Fortún ibn Qasi (740-788), chief of the Banu Qasi clan, walī (governor) of Arnedo, Zaragoza and Tarazona. Their son was Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi, known as Musa the Great (Arnedo, La Rioja, 785-Tudela, Navarra, 862), walī of the al-Ṯaġr al-Aʿlà, the Upper March of Al-Andalus, that was formed by the territories of Tudela, Huesca, Zaragoza and Lleida.

Several marriages between the members of the family happened several times during the following generations. Although in some circumstancies they fight against each other because of alliances with the kingdom of Asturias or the emirate of Cordoba.

When Ludovico Pio sent an army to try to take Pamplona , they attacked the city and in response they were defeated again in the Pyrenees in 824 the second battle of Roncesvalles/Orriaga by a group of basques and aragoneses lead by Eneko, Musa and Gartzia.

Apart from being his brother, Musa married one of Eneko's daughters with Oneka Velázquez of Pamplona/ Oneka Beraskoitz Iruñekoa, Assona.

The other daughter of Eneko, Nunila, married García Galíndez/Gartzia Garindoitz "the Bad", who became count of Aragón after Eneko overthrowed the former count of Aragón (Gartzia's former father-in-law ) Aznar I Galíndez/ Azeari Garindoitz because he was pro-Frankish. Charlemagne and his heirs formed the Hispanic March formed by a bunch of counties, dependent to the carolingian empire like Barcelona, Girona, Urgel Pallars, Ribagorza, Roussillon, Cerdaña, Ampurias, Sobrarbe and Osona, and other ones like Pamplona/Navarra and the county of Aragón, that became independent sooner.

And Pamplona/Navarra and the county of Aragón as ally/vassal of Navarra managed to keep independence.

Mari🤝Ellaria Sand: my husband/partner is a snake boi

And their kids Atarrabi and Mikelatz: