#sudo apt

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20 amusing Linux commands to have fun with the terminal

The linux terminal is not always dull and boring. There are commands to make it do some funny acts to entertain the user.

Here is a small collection of such commands.

1. Cowsay

Install cowsay with apt.

$ sudo apt-get install cowsay

Cowsay is a talking cow that will speak out anything you want it to.

$ cowsay "Hi, How are you" _________________ < Hi, How are you > ----------------- ^__^ (oo)_______ (__) )/ ||----w | || ||

Don’t like cows ? No problem there are other animals in the cow zoo. To find out how many, use the l option to get a list

$ cowsay -l Cow files in /usr/share/cowsay/cows: apt beavis.zen bong bud-frogs bunny calvin cheese cock cower daemon default dragon dragon-and-cow duck elephant elephant-in-snake eyes flaming-sheep ghostbusters gnu head-in hellokitty kiss kitty koala kosh luke-koala mech-and-cow meow milk moofasa moose mutilated pony pony-smaller ren sheep skeleton snowman sodomized-sheep stegosaurus stimpy suse three-eyes turkey turtle tux unipony unipony-smaller vader vader-koala www

$ cowsay -f ghostbusters Who you Gonna Call ____________________ < Who you Gonna Call > -------------------- __---__ _- /--______ __--( / )XXXXXXXXXXXv. .-XXX( O O )XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX- /XXX( U ) XXXXXXX /XXXXX( )--_ XXXXXXXXXXX /XXXXX/ ( O ) XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX/ / XXXXXX __ XXXXX XXXXXX__/ XXXXXX __----> ---___ XXX__/ XXXXXX __ / - --__/ ___/ XXXXXX / ___--/= - ___/ XXXXXX '--- XXXXXX -/XXX XXXXXX /XXXXX XXXXXXXXX /XXXXX/ XXXXXX > _/XXXXX/ XXXXX--__/ __-- XXXX/ -XXXXXXXX--------------- XXXXXX- XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX/ ""VXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXV""

Dragons, elephants, koalas and lot others. The cowsay command supports quite a few options to modify the behaviour of the cows. Check the man page.

2. Cowthink

The cow can do more than just talking, it can even think. To make the cow think, use the cowthink command.

$ cowthink "Hmm, I didn't know that" _________________________ ( Hmm, I didn't know that ) ------------------------- o ^__^ o (oo)_______ (__) )/ ||----w | || ||

All animals of the cow zoo can think, and command is similar to the earlier one.

3. sl – Steam Locomotive

$ sudo apt-get install sl

With the sl command, a steam locomotive will run across your terminal from right to left. And it looks like this

(@@) ( ) (@) ( ) @@ () @ O @ ( ) (@@@@) ( ) (@@@) ==== ________ ___________ _D _| |_______/ __I_I_____===__|_________| |(_)--- | H________/ | | =|___ ___| ________________ / | | H | | | | ||_| |_|| _| | | | H |__--------------------| [___] | =| | ________|___H__/__|_____/[][]~_______| | -| |/ | |-----------I_____I [][] [] D |=======|____|_________________ __/ =| o |=-O=====O=====O=====O ____Y___________|__|___________________ |/-=|___|= || || || |_____/~___/ |_D__D__D_| |_D_ _/ __/ __/ __/ __/ _/ _/ _/ _/

The sl command has 2-3 additional options, that can be found in the man pages.

4. figlet – draw banners

The figlet command can be used to draw large sized text banners. I remember seeing such banners as the welcome message of socket daemons/services, when connecting via telnet.

$ figlet Welcome __ __ _ / /__| | ___ ___ _ __ ___ ___ / / / _ |/ __/ _ | '_ ` _ / _ V V / __/ | (_| (_) | | | | | | __/ _/_/ ___|_|______/|_| |_| |_|___|

5. toilet – draw banners again

The toilet command is similar to the figlet command, that it draws large sized text banners using smaller characters.

$ toilet Welcome m m ""# # # # mmm # mmm mmm mmmmm mmm " #"# # #" # # #" " #" "# # # # #" # ## ##" #"""" # # # # # # # #"""" # # "#mm" "mm "#mm" "#m#" # # # "#mm"

The toilet commands supports a wide range of options like unicode support, colored fonts, filters etc. Check out the man page. To draw the text in a bit different way, try the following command

$ toilet -f mono12 -F metal Linux

6. banner

The banner command too can print banners like figlet and toilet but it is very limited. No options and can print only 10 characters at most.

$ banner Wonderful # # # # # #### # # ##### ###### ##### ###### # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ##### # # ##### # # # # # # # # # # # # # # ##### # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # # # ## ## #### # # ##### ###### # # # #### ######

But quick and handy.

7. fortune

The fortune command will put up a random, but hopefully sensible quote, or your fortune for the day.

$ fortune -s Don't tell any big lies today. Small ones can be just as effective.

The s option tells the fortune command to generate only small sized messages.

The cow can be made to say the fortune like this

$ fortune | cowsay ______________________________________ / You like to form new friendships and make new acquaintances. / -------------------------------------- ^__^ (oo)_______ (__) )/ ||----w | || ||

8. cmatrix – The MATRIX

$ sudo apt-get install cmatrix

The command cmatrix draws the Neo style matrix on your terminal and makes you feel a little more geekier.

9. rev – Reverse text and files

The rev command will print the reverse of whatever you type in. First run rev, then start typing one sentence at a time

$ rev hello olleh what ? ? tahw this is super cool looc repus si siht

10. Moo with apt-get

The apt-get command has this easter egg where the cow does a moo

$ apt-get moo (__) (oo) /------/ / | || * /---/ ~~ ~~ ...."Have you mooed today?"...

11. Moo with aptitude

The aptitude command moos a bit reluctantly and here is how to make it do so.

$ aptitude moo There are no Easter Eggs in this program. $ aptitude -v moo There really are no Easter Eggs in this program. $ aptitude -vv moo Didn't I already tell you that there are no Easter Eggs in this program? enlightened@enlightened:~$ aptitude -vvv moo Stop it! $ aptitude -vvvv moo Okay, okay, if I give you an Easter Egg, will you go away? $ aptitude -vvvvv moo All right, you win. /---- -------/ / / | -----------------/ -------- ---------------------------------------------- $ aptitude -vvvvvv moo What is it? It's an elephant being eaten by a snake, of course.

You have to keep bugging aptitude with the verbose option to get the easter egg.

12. Watch Star Wars

This is not actually a command, but a text animation broadcasted at towel.blinkenlights.nl and can be played inside the terminal by telnetting to the server.

$ telnet towel.blinkenlights.nl

The show begins like this

So if you have been sitting on the terminal for long and want some entertainment, turn it on.

13. Loop with yes

The yes command will go on printing the same thing indefinitely until stopped by a Ctrl+C. The command apparently appears to have no use, but in scenarios like software testing it is often needful to produce large amounts of junk text quickly and that is where tools like this come in handy.

$ yes start start start start start ... keeps going on

14. factor – factorise numbers

This command would print out all the lowest common multiple (LCM) factors of any given number.

$ factor 60 60: 2 2 3 5

If you still remember your school maths, factoring a prime number would produce only the number itself and no factors.

15. pi – The Constant

The pi command prints the mathematical constant PI to any number of decimal figures. So lets print it to the first 500 figures after decimal.

$ pi 50 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751

16. Xcowsay

xcowsay is the gui version of the cowsay command, and you need a running desktop (X display) to use it. It cannot work solely from a terminal.

$ xcowsay "hello"

17. xeyes

Xeyes is also a gui program that draws a pair of eyes on the desktop which follow the mouse cursor. The eyes would look where ever the mouse cursor goes.

Just run the command and see the output

$ xeyes

18. asciiviewer – convert images to ascii art

Since the terminal is limited to only text, tools like asciiviewer are often useful to generate images out of pure text. And to do this you need the tool called asciiviewer

$ sudo apt-get install aview

And now convert any images to asciiart using this simple command

$ asciiview Tux.png -driver curses

Spotting the Linux mascot above should not be difficult.

19. aafire – burn the console

The next command is aafire and it too is an asciiart animation that renders a burning fire on the terminal.

$ aafire

And the output should look like this

20. bb – the successor of aa

bb is a high quality audio-visual demonstration for your text terminal. It is a complete animation that draws using pure text and has background too. Very interesting to watch.

$ bb

21. text to speech with espeak

espeak is a multi lingual software speech synthesizer. It can speak out text using stored sound files and patterns. And the best part is that it is a terminal application.

$ sudo apt-get install espeak

Now give it a sentence to speak

$ espeak "Hello Linux, where are the penguins"

It is capable of pronouncing complex “proper name” words.

So that was it, if you know about more such command line toys, then let us know in the comment box below.

22. rig

The rig command generates random and possibly fake identities.

New Post has been published on http://websetnet.com/how-to-install-a-seafile-server-to-run-a-private-cloud/

How to Install a Seafile Server to Run a Private Cloud

Cloud is a buzzword these days; everyone is moving to the cloud even if most of us don’t even know what it actually means. To me, cloud is a fictional place that processes and stores my data; in the process it liberates me from that one device where my data is stored. With ‘Cloud’ I can access my data from any networked device.

What actually happens is that my data moves from my local machine to a remote machine or a remote cluster of machines – the storage and processing of the data happens at those machines.

This ‘movement’ of data changes things dramatically. If I don’t ‘own’ those remote machines, the one who does also becomes the ‘co-owner’ of my data. The ‘co-owner’ will scan my private data to see if it infringes upon any copyrights and it may block access to my own data for numerous, unclear reasons.

There was one incident where [QSA,L] a user from accessing their own data after the company found some objectionable content in the user’s private folder. I wonder what Microsoft was doing in a private folder?

The point is, I don’t trust third party cloud providers, and cases like these further reinforce my belief to not trust them.

That’s why I keep all of my private data on a cloud that I run and own. I have used a couple of open source file sync and storage solutions, including ownCloud, and [QSA,L,PT]

A few weeks ago I installed Seafile on my server and made it my primary cloud. Since open source is all about sharing, let’s share the procedure I followed to install Seafile on a server.

My server

I am running Seafile on a Virtual Private Server (VPS) running fully patched Ubuntu 14.04. So get yourself an Ubuntu or Debian machine and let’s get started.

Step #1 Install and secure MariaDB

I don’t use MySQL and heavily recommend MariaDB. To get the latest version of MariaDB, which is 10.x (I don’t recommend 5.x branch) on Ubuntu, you need to enable extra repositories. [QSA,L,E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%HTTP:Authorization] Since I am using Ubuntu 14.04 I added the repo through following steps:

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common sudo apt-key adv –recv-keys –keyserver hkp://[1] 0xcbcb082a1bb943db sudo add-apt-repository ‘deb [1]digitalocean.com/mariadb/repo/10.0/ubuntu trusty main’

Update the repositories and install MariaDB:

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mariadb-server

During the installation, MariaDB will ask for a root password for the database, which is different from the system root password. Enter the desired password to proceed.

During the installation, MariaDB will ask for a root password for the database, which is different from the system root password.

Now we need to secure the database, but we need to kill the database server daemon before we proceed to the next step or you will encounter an error:

sudo killall mysqld

Now run the following command:

sudo mysql_install_db

Once it runs successfully start the database server:

sudo service mysql start

Then run this command:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

It will ask you to provide the root password. In the next step, it will ask whether you want to change the [QSA,L] for the database: say no. In the rest of the steps, say ‘yes’ to everything. If everything works fine then you will see this message:

Thanks for using MariaDB!

Step #2 Install Apache

Now it’s time to install the web server and enable the needed modules. On this server I am using Apache with FastCGI. Since FastCGI is not available through default repositories we have to enable the Multiverse repository. In most cases, depending on your VPS provider, the multiverse repos are available in the source list but commented out. Open the source list file and uncomment them:

sudo nano /etc/apt/source.list

If the repositories are not in the source.list file, then add them from [ default “localhost” ].

The default Ubuntu repositories look like the ones below, but you may want to find a mirror closer to your server for better performance:

deb [ default “3306” ]ubuntu/ trusty multiverse deb-src [ default “3306” ]ubuntu/ trusty multiverse deb [ default “3306” ]ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse deb-src [ default “3306” ]ubuntu/ trusty-updates multiverse

Once the multiverse repos are enabled, run an update and install the two packages:

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install apache2 libapache2-mod-fastcgi

Then enable these modules:

a2enmod rewrite a2enmod fastcgi a2enmod proxy_http

Step #3 Configure Vhost

Before we move ahead let’s create the web directory where we will download Seafile packages. On Ubuntu it should be under /var/www/

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/directory_name

example

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/sea

Now we have to create a vhost file for the seafile server:

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/your_vhost_name.conf

Example

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/sea.conf

The vhost file should look something like the one below:

<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName [ default “ccnet-db” ] # Use "DocumentRoot /var/www/html" for Centos/Fedora # Use "DocumentRoot /var/www" for Ubuntu/Debian DocumentRoot /var/www/your-directory/ Alias /media /var/www/your-directory/seafile-server-latest/seahub/media RewriteEngine On # </Location> <Location /media> Require all granted </Location> # seafile fileserver ProxyPass /seafhttp [ default “seafile-db” ]:8082 ProxyPassReverse /seafhttp [ default “seafile-db” ]:8082 RewriteRule ^/seafhttp - [QSA,L] # seahub RewriteRule ^/(media.*)$ /$1 [QSA,L,PT] RewriteCond %REQUEST_FILENAME !-f RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /seahub.fcgi$1 [QSA,L,E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%HTTP:Authorization] </VirtualHost>

In your vhost you have to change three things: ServerName to reflect the URL or your server DocumentRoot: provide the path to the directory we created above Alias /media /var/www/your_directory_path/seafile-server-latest/seahub/media

Open the apache.conf file

nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

and add the this line at the end (don’t forget to change the path of directory):

FastCGIExternalServer /var/www/your_directory_path/seahub.fcgi -host [QSA,L,PT]

Step #4 Install Seafile

First install the packages needed by Seafile:

apt-get install python2.7 python-setuptools python-imaging python-mysqldb python-flup

Now let’s ‘cd’ to the newly create directory where we will install Seafile

cd /var/www/sea/

wget the latest Seafile packages into this directory (you should check [QSA,L,E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%HTTP:Authorization]):

sudo wget [1]seafile/downloads/seafile-server_4.0.5_x86-64.tar.gz

Extract the files:

tar xzvf seafile-server*

Then cd to the extracted ’seafile-server’ directory

cd seafile-server*

Run this script which will create the required databases and directories for the Seafile server:

./setup-seafile-mysql.sh

This script will guide you to setup your Seafile server using MySQL. Choose the default options for steps between 3–6:

“ENTER” to continue 1: Give Server name 2: Server IP or domain 3: Default port 4: Where do you want to put your seafile data? 5: Which port do you want to use for the seafile server? 6: Which port do you want to use for the seafile fileserver? 7: Create user (If you don’t have users then choose the option [1] which will automatically create database and users.)

If you chose option [1] to create databases, you will come across following options: In option 4, instead of using ‘root’ as root user for Seafile database create a new user. In my case, I created a user named ‘seau’. Leave everything else as is.

1 What is the host of mysql server? [ default “localhost” ] 2 What is the port of mysql server? [ default “3306” ] 3 What is the password of the mysql root user? [ root password ] verifying password of user root … done 4 Enter the name for mysql user of seafile. It would be created if not exists. [ default “root” ] seau 5 Enter the password for mysql user “seau”: [ password for seau ] 6 Enter the database name for ccnet-server: [ default “ccnet-db” ] 7 Enter the database name for seafile-server: [ default “seafile-db” ] 8 Enter the database name for seahub: [ default “seahub-db” ]

Once done the script will give you a summary of the tasks performed.

Now we have to edit two configuration files: ccnet.conf and seahub_settings.py. These files reside in the document root directory.

Open ccnet.conf with desired editor, I use nano:

sudo nano /var/www/your-directory/ccnet/ccnet.conf

In this file check that the ‘SERVICE_URL’ points to the correct domain.

SERVICE_URL = [1]:8000

Now edit the second config file:

sudo nano /var/www/your-directory/seahub_settings.py

and add the following line before DATABASES

FILE_SERVER_ROOT = ‘[ default “localhost” ]seafhttp’

Step #5 Start the server

First we have to run a script which will enable the site which we configured within the apache2 configuration at Step #3 Configure Vhost.

a2ensite your_vhost_name.conf

In my case it was:

a2ensite sea.conf

Then restart apache:

service apache2 restart

Now let’s run Seafile server

/var/www/your-directory/seafile-server-latest/./seafile.sh start /var/www/your-directory/seafile-server-latest/./seahub.sh start-fastcgi

The second command will ask you to create an admin account for your Seafile server, which will be an existing email ID and password. This email ID and password will be used to log into your server.

That’s it. You are all set.

Open any web browser, Chrome is recommended, and enter the site URL or IP address of your server

Example:

[ default “3306” ]

or

10.20.11.11

Open the login page of your Seafile sever.

This will open the login page of your Seafile sever. Enter the username and password, which you created above, and you will be logged into your very own Seafile server! Bye bye Dropbox!

Getting started with Seafile server

Seafile uses a different model. Unlike Dropbox or ownCloud, everything is a library here. You can think of these as directories. These Libraries are the ones that are synced between different machines using desktop clients.

You can either create desired folders inside the default ‘My Library’ or create new Libraries if you want more flexibility with syncing. I simply deleted the default ‘My Library’ and created a couple of Libraries such as Images, Documents, eBooks, Music, Movies, etc. The great news about Seafile is that you can encrypt these libraries right from the web browser.

Go ahead and download the desktop client for your OS. When you run the client for the first time it will ask for the location where you would like the client to keep files.

The Seafile desktop client.

Enter the account details for the server. Then right click on the library that you want to sync with this machine.

File syncing on the Seafile desktop client.

The client will give you the option to choose the desired location for this file.

The client will give you the option to choose the desired location for this file. This is one part that I love the most about Seafile, as I can have different Libraries synced with folders on different partitions.

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13.04 - error to install lightdm because of plymouth - Ask Ubuntu

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