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DISCLAIMER: All of the examples in my posts are from 新完全マスター文法日本語能力試験N2. I don’t own them. The translations are my lousy attempt at making it easy for me to remember and others who might need it. If you have a better translation, feel free to leave a comment or message, I would very appreciate your contributions.
❶ 〜際「さい」（に）(=khi, trong trường hợp)
|| 名-の・動辞書形・た形 ＋ 際（に）|| Noun の・Verb-dic/ta + 際（に）
〜とき 『硬い言い方』（=When~) Formal way of speaking
注意：The sentence often starts with a verb that depicts an act or an event, an affair (such as 使う to use/完成する to complete) or a noun (搭乗（とうじょう）embarkation/外出 (がいしゅつ）going out; leaving)
This expression is usually used in a public setting, not as common on a daily basis.
例：この整理券は、商品受け取りの際、必要です。When obtaining the product, you need this ticket. Khi nhận hàng, cần phải có cái vé này.
整理券「せいりけん」numbered ticket
受け取り「うけとり」receiving, receipt
❷ 〜に際して・〜にあたって (=nhân dịp, khi, nhân~)
|| 名・動辞書形＋に際して・にあたって || Noun/Verb-dic + に際して・にあたって
~するとき『硬い言い方』(=when doing sth~)
注意：に際して is used when expressing a will to do something specific, special, such as getting married or open a store. The undertone can be both positive and negative. にあたって is not used in negative setting such as break up/ admittance to hospital/ bankruptcy.
① 当ショッピングサイトのご利用に際して、以下のご利用条件をよく読みください。When using this Shopping site, please read the user manual below. Khi sử dụng trang web shopping của chúng tôi, xin hãy đọc kĩ các điều khoản và điều kiện trước khi dùng.
②お二人の門出にあたりまして、お祝いの言葉を申し上げます。I would like to congratulate the two of you for starting a new page of life. Tôi muốn chúc mừng hai người nhân dịp khởi đầu mới.
③日本で国際会議を開催するにあたり、関係各方面からの協力を得た。When hosting the International Meeting in Japan, we were able to collaborate/cooperate with other involved parties. (I am terrible at translating, can someone help?) Nhân dịp tổ chức hội nghị quốc tế tại Nhật Bản, chúng ta đã nhận được sự hợp tác từ các đối tác liên quan.
条件「じょうけん」term, requirement, conditions
門出「かどで」starting a life anew, starting a new life
申し上げる「もうしあげる」to say, to tell, to express
開催「かいさい」holding, hosting (a conference, an event)
各方面「かくほうめん」every sides, all sides
協力「きょうりょく」collaboration, cooperation『謙譲語（けんじょうご）humble language 』
得る「える」to acquire, to get, to obtain, to obtain, to be able to.
❸ 〜たとたん（に）(=vừa~ thì~; vừa~ liền~)
|| 動た形＋とたん（に）|| Verb-ta + とたん（に）
〜したら、直後に意外なことが起こる When you want to say, something unexpected happens immediately after you do ~
注意：Use verb that indicates change or instantaneous movement. The content of the following sentence should be unexpected. Do NOT use volitional expressions such as （〜よう）or expressions that encourage changes （〜しませんか・〜なさい）
例：国の母に電話をかけた。母の声を聞いたとたん、涙が溢れてきた。I called mom (who’s back home). As soon as I hear her voice, my tears overflowed. Tôi gọi về cho mẹ. Vừa nghe tiếng mẹ, nước mắt liền tuôn trào như mưa.
溢れる「あふれる」to overflow, to brim over, to flood
❹ 〜（か）と思うと・〜（か）と思ったら (=vừa mới~ đã~; vừa~ liền)
|| 動た形＋（か）と思うと・（か）と思ったら || Verb-ta + か）と思うと・（か）と思ったら
〜の後、すぐに続いて次の出来事や大きな変化が起こる After~, something immediately happens or a big change occurs
注意：This is not about the action of the speaker. It does come with a slight surprise undertone.
① 林さんは部屋に入ってきたかと思うと、いきなり窓を全部開けた。Just when Hayashi entered the room, all the windows suddenly swung open. Hayashi vừa bước vào phòng thì tất cả cửa sổ liền mở tung.
② この頃は気温の差が大きい。昨日は熱くなったかと思ったら、今日は涼しい。Recently the temperature gap is tremendous. Yesterday was just getting hot, today it’s already cool. Dạo gần đây nhiệt độ thay đổi như chong chóng. Hôm qua vừa mới nóng lên, hôm nay đã mát rồi.
❺ 〜か〜ないかのうちに (=vừa (xong) đã)
|| 動辞書形・た形＋か＋動ない形＋かのうちに|| Verb-dic/ta + か + Verb-nai + かのうちに
〜が終わると同時に、次のことが起こる A just ended, B happens
「〜（か）と思うと。〜（か）と思ったら」より、「ほとんど同時に」という気持ちが強い。Compares to the ❹ expression, this one gives off a stronger feel of “almost as the same time”.
①一郎はベッドに横になるかならないかのうちに、ぐっすり眠ってしまった。As soon as Ichiro lied down, he’s sound asleep. Ichiro vừa chạm lưng xuống giường đã ngủ mất rồi.
②あの作家は今売れっ子だ。話題作を発表したかしないかのうちに、もう次の作品に取りかかっているそうだ。That author is in high-demand these days. His most awaited/discuss/popular work has just launched recently yet he’s already started on his next one. Ông/bà nhà văn đó dạo này hot lắm. Cuốn sách đang được bàn tán nhiều nhất vừa phát hành mà ông/bà ấy đã bắt đầu viết cuốn kế tiếp rồi.
ぐっすり眠る「ぐっすりねむる」to be soundly sleeping, fast asleep
売れっ子「うれっこ」popular figure, person in demand
話題作「わだいさく」most-discussed work
発表「はっぴょう」announcement, releasing, making known
取り掛かる「とりかかる」to begin, to start
