Fear of Tokenism Stops Minority Job Applicants
âThe language is such a familiar part of job applications that for many of us, it almost goes unnoticed: âCompany X is an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to sex, color, age, or any other protected characteristics.â The phrase, or some variation of it, is required in the US for jobs advertised by federal agencies and by some states, and itâs often used voluntarily by private employers to signal they welcome minority applicants. But new research indicates it may have the opposite effect.â
âIn an experiment conducted by a pair of economists, job listings with equal employment opportunity (EEO) language draw fewer minority candidatesâin some cases, 50% fewerâthan ads without the phrase, due, at least in part, to fears about being token hires. ... The biggest gaps were in cities with predominantly white populations. ... To understand why, Leibbrandt and List conducted separate surveys in four of the cities, about a year after they ran the ads, to test theories about why minority groups in some cities didnât apply when they saw the statement.â
âThe surveys suggested that âjob seekers believe that the inclusion of an EEO statement considerably raises the belief that African Americans and Hispanics are token hires,â Leibbrandt and List wrote. In the predominantly white cities, 69% of the minorities surveyed said the statement signaled to them that they would be token hires. The researchers hypothesize that this could be of particular concern in largely white cities, where minority applicants are rarer and employers may feel pressure to diversify. ... But the research suggests that a fear of tokenism was the real culprit.â
Quartz at Work, September 25, 2018:Â âA surprising way minorities are turned off by job postings,â by Oliver Staley
The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), September 2018: âDo Equal Employment Opportunity Statements Backfire? Evidence From A Natural Field Experiment On Job-Entry Decisions,â by Andreas Leibbrandt and John A. List (40 pages, PDF)
Hiring, skills, and desperate for jobs
CBC News, September 25, 2018:Â â'I didn't come here to live this kind of life': Skilled immigrants on their desperate hunt for jobs in Quebec,â by Leah Hendry
Quartz at Work, September 25, 2018: âTo help skill the workforce, companies should change how they think about hiring,â by Kelly Palmer and David Blake