Really quick I want to cover some grounds on something
I’ve noticed there isn’t a lot of disclosure on shell dwellers in small tanks
Like yeah it’s totally possible to keep Neolamprologus multifasciatus, N. similis, N. brevis, or sometimes even N. ocellatus and relatives in a 10 gallon tank, the space is there, but the issue is the volume
just because you can do it doesn’t mean it’s easy, and I see a lot of people aspiring to keep them, and as much as I’d love to see more people get into cichlids, I don’t want people to get started on the wrong foot, these fish cannot be taken lightly and are terrible beginner cichlids, despite the fact they don’t demand a lot of space.
lake tanganyikan cichlids are very delicate and sensitive to shifts in water perimeters, since the lake is so huge, it self insulates and the temperature barely shifts even a degree year round, they are not evolved to handle changes in water perimeters.
the issue with this is, it is very hard to keep water perimeters steady in smaller tanks, things like pH, hardness, and especially temperature can shift during water changes or even for no real reason at all
since these guys need the pH above 8.0 and the nitrates below 20 to thrive, while also being bad candidates for planted tanks, water changes need to be frequent and they need to be precise, fucking up can easily lead to the death of the fish. If the pH drops too quickly or rapidly since your tap isn’t at what they want while the tank water is up there, the very least you’re going to expect is a lot of stress and flashing among the fish as they try to readjust to the perimeters.
These fish die when exposed to nitrites and ammonia, and they die quickly. If overfeeding takes place or your bacterial colony is weak and you get a spike, you could lose fish in the course of a few hours of being exposed to even a small amount of ammonia, especially since ammonia is more toxic to fish in the high pH they should be kept in.
Another thing to cover is breeding, and if you keep especially N. multifasciatus, the most popular choice, it’s inevitable that if you take care of them properly, you’re going to have babies. A lot of babies. Shell dwellers are a pain in the ass to catch since they get into the shells so tightly, and multi’s can spawn as much as twice a month, with fry growing relatively rapidly. Parents sometimes don’t even finish raising one batch of fry before throwing out another generation. You need to know what you’re going to do with all of them and the best methods of removing all the young.
When keeping shell dwellers, you need to make sure in a smaller tank like a 10 you only get 1 male as well. Two males will constantly be at each other’s throats with the lack of territory provided. While they don’t claim huge zones of territories, they still take about a square foot of it, and there are not two square feet to be had in a 10 gallon aquarium. Especially if keeping an ocellatus or ocellatus relative, you’ll quickly end up with a dominant male killing the other male, or even all the other ocellatus in the tank, regardless of their sex. They’re a much more aggressive type of shell dweller and despite their social nature, they can be relentless to one another in small quarters. While I’ve seen it done, it’s not easy to set up.
Don’t get me wrong, shell dwellers are some of my favorite cichlids and they are a joy to keep, they’ve got excellent personalities and show fascinating behaviors. But I would not, in my wildest dreams, keep them in anything short of a 20 or 29 gallon just from what I’ve experienced with them. Not only do they show better mannerisms when kept in a colony rather than in a pair or a trio, but the extra water volume helps disperse possible mistakes or oops’s that you might have while keeping them.