Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2019). Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?

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Hameleers, M., & van der Meer, T. G. L. A. (2019). Misinformation and Polarization in a High-Choice Media Environment: How Effective Are Political Fact-Checkers?

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Be Smarter Than Fake News Thinks You Are
Be Smarter Than Fake News Thinks You Are
#fakenews may be trending these days, but the reality is it’s been around ever since at least one human had an agenda to promote and was willing to do it by hook or by crook.
The biggest difference now is the speed with which technology enables distorted messages to be disseminated.
Rapidly evolving tech has enabled the 21st century to accurately be termed as the Information Age, and with so much…
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Anspach, N. M. (2017). The New Personal Influence: How Our Facebook Friends Influence the News We Read. Political Communication, 34(4), 590–606.
Anspach presents the results of an experimental study of the influential effects of friends on news consumption through Facebook. His design improves on that of Messing and Westwood (2012) by allowing subjects to opt out of selecting any news content. It also establishes reasonable ecological validity by replicating the design of Facebook posts and making sure to properly include endorsements and comments from actual Facebook friends through his snowball sampling procedure. Anspach finds that endorsements from friends can overcome partisan bias in news-outlet selection. This study helps to demonstrate the ways in which social media differ from traditional media environments in regards to factors contributing to consumption, but we should remember that the influence of friends has always been a recognized mechanism in promoting consumption, it just used to be offset from the act of consumption itself.
MBA Timeline Update
Looking back on the year, time has flown by. There are only three classes left in the Internet Marketing Masters degree program, and the class “Strategic Internet Public Relations”, instructed by John Reneski at Full Sail University, is coming to an end. The original goal and expectations of taking this course were to gain a better social intelligence specifically pertaining to all things socially digital, and to use Lynda.com to learn more. Both objectives were achieved, and more by taking this class. A sense of forlorn disconnectedness is beginning to sink in. School is almost over...
Learning about selective exposure was enlightening, and the books used in the course were as well. However, there is a need to explain that the material that was studied in class was not where all of my knowledge was obtained. The studying done outside of class included the teachings of Seneca, Charles Munger and the 25 Cognitive Biases, and exposure to PR legends and their legacies, which gave insight to the humanness of people and the connectivity that takes place when marketing and building relationships with other people occurs. Robert Greene’s book, Mastery, has changed my entire perspective on life...
Much was learnt from the instructor, however, gaining mentors by reading and researching the best minds that have ever lived will last a lifetime. Going back to what passion planted it me at a young age has helped direct the course of life. While in school it has been a necessity to read books, articles, and to take extra courses to understand PR from Lynda.com and personally develop and feed the mind. The masters will appear when the students eyes are open and their humility has made them ready. PR is about interpersonal communication. I am now a master of it.
Why They Don’t Get the Message
Why They Don’t Get the Message
Dr Brian Monger
People use a sophisticated psychological defence mechanism to filter out unwanted information. This mechanism consists of four “rings of defence”:
Selective Exposure.
People tend to seek out only that information which agrees with their existing attitudes or beliefs.
Selective Attention.
People tune out communication that goes against their attitudes or beliefs, or they pay…
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A new report looks at media consumption by individuals in and out of the home, excluding the workplace, between 2008 and 2015, breaking “media” down into 30 categories of media type and delivery (e.g. television, social media, computer gaming) and conclude that the average person will consume 15.5 hours per day by 2015.
This article explains that researchers expect people to be consumed by media for more than half of their waking hours by 2015. In just a few years we might be consuming more than 15.5 hours of media a day. This article relates to Boorstin's idea of extravagant expectations in the view of being constantly entertained. We have become a type of society that must have something new and exciting at every moment. We do the same with ourselves in our social media. We constantly are checking Facebook or Instagram to see if people are acknowledging our existence and making us feel worthy and important in this world. We are a society that makes ourselves look great on the web, even if it is false. The perception of others is our motivation.
: : heidi zabriskie
Selective-exposure: aka what makes us feel good. I enjoy watching Si, from Duck Dynasty make a fool of himself, because it makes me laugh and I associate that as a positive feeling. The aspect under the theory would probably be excitatory homeostasis since it refers to the tendency to gravitate to entertainment that achieves optimal level of arousal. Laughter is the best way at achieving that, and you will die laughing while watching Si and his crazy family.
The concept of selective-exposure doesn't lie just inside the mediums of TV and movies, but it can also exist in social media outlets. (i.e. Tumblr) The ever-growing role of social media has and will continue to effect the moods and feelings we have day to day.
"Much of the literature on polarization and selective exposure presumes that the internet exacerbates the fragmentation of the media and the citizenry. Yet this ignores how the widespread use of social media changes news consumption. Social media provide readers a choice of stories from different sources that come recommended from politically heterogeneous individuals, in a context that emphasizes social value over partisan affiliation. Building on existing models of news selectivity to emphasize information utility, we hypothesize that social media’s distinctive feature, social endorsements, trigger several decision heuristics that suggest utility. In two experiments, we demonstrate that stronger social endorsements increase the probability that people select content and that their presence reduces partisan selective exposure to levels indistinguishable from chance."
:: matt white
Social Psychology and Religion
It's interesting being in Social Psychology. I've come to learn certain terms and how I can connect them to things in my life. One of these terms is "Belief Perseverance". I came from a really backwards religion and believed in what they taught. I believed their book and I never questioned it. It was forbidden. But how this psychology concept fits here is like this, in that whenever there was something that seemed to conflict with what I believed, I would not look into its reasoning. I stayed with the book I believed in. The reason I believed my book is because I thought it was the word of god. That was the only reason i believed my book and didn't think of other books. So there really was no ounce of logical reason here. This then gets into another term called "Confirmation Bias". Let's take the same example as above. Some folks would come to me with claims on how to discredit my book, but with my belief perseverance, I denied it, and therefore, went to find evidence of how to confirm my beliefs. This lead me back to the book (logically). But I would always look for information that proved me, instead of seeing how their evidence disproved mine. Again, belief perseverance is tied into this concept. There is one more term that I came across that fits with this scenario. "Selective Exposure". The definition for it is "the tendency to seek information and media that agree with one's views and to avoid dissonance (lack of harmony)." I liken this to confirmation bias, in that it is still looking for evidence that proves your beliefs, in this example my former beliefs. The difference here is it is to lessen the conflict between your inner thinking. Here we added psychological harmony to the mix. I would here the evidence of the opposing side. I would then feel conflict inside, "Could my beliefs be wrong?" But then I would go to sources (my book) to prove the conflict wrong and to thus get back in harmony. This is how I have linked my former religion, or all religions, into Social Psychology. It is the same mind game.