Selected slides from a lecture by Bruce Edmonds.
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Selected slides from a lecture by Bruce Edmonds.

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by Leah Baugh | In the ancient world, eyewitness testimony and miracles were considered strong evidence to believe the truthfulness of something. When Moses asked Pharaoh to free the Israelites, he performed various signs to prove the power of God (Exod. 7:8–12). Likewise, the apostles argued that their faith was true because God raised Jesus from...
Ever wonder who first started taking notes on why your basil plant thrives on the windowsill but your fern throws a fit? 🌿 Meet the OG plant dad, Theophrastus.
Long before hashtags like #PlantTok or #UrbanJungle, this ancient Greek philosopher was in the field, literally, giving plants the serious scholarly attention they deserved. While his teacher Aristotle was busy classifying animals, Theophrastus had his eyes—and his empirical mind—firmly on the flora. He didn't just give plants cute names; he pioneered the entire system of botanical classification we’ve built upon for millennia.
The Root of It All: Groundbreaking Work
His two major texts, Enquiry into Plants and On the Causes of Plants, are like the ancient, brilliant ancestors of every gardening blog and botany textbook you’ve ever read.
More Than Just a List
He didn’t stop at "this is a tree." He dove deep into:
Plant anatomy & reproduction: How they grow, how they make more of themselves.
Environmental impact: How soil, water, and location change a plant's character.
Practical uses: From agriculture to medicine, he documented it all.
This was revolutionary scientific methodology. He insisted on careful observation and description of the natural world as it is, which is the bedrock of all modern science.
A Shockingly Modern Legacy
Reading Theophrastus today is a trip. His work whispers across 2,300 years and feels utterly relevant.
The First Ecologist & Environmental Ethicist
He observed plant communities and their relationships with the environment, planting the early seeds (pun intended!) of ecological thought. He argued for understanding nature on its own terms, a cornerstone of modern environmental stewardship.
His legacy is woven into everything from horticulture and botanical research to environmental studies. He reminds us
#Ecology #Philosophy #Biology #Botany #ScientificMethodology
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A Study Was Done: 'Yes' Sells #CriticalThinking #ScientificMethodology #ScientificJournals #ScientificMethodology #StudyItForward
A Study Was Done: The Power of N #CriticalThinking #ScientificMethodology #AStudyWasDone #ThePowerOfN

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Carl Sagan's Last Interview with Charlie Rose (Full Interview) #CriticalThinking #ScientificMethodology #Sagan #ScientificMethodology
The Consulting Detectives Scientific Method
Everyone knows (or should know) the Scientific Method, the methodical system consisting of systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. As a consulting detective I must administer a similar system of reaching conclusions that includes deductive, abductive and inductive reasoning. The steps are as follows:
1. Prompt/Question- Weather it is handed to you or you think of it yourself you still have a problem. The solution can be found rather easily. For example lets say you must determine the economical status of an individual using data presented from a single encounter.
2. Observe Everything- So you have your prompt, now you must collect data. When you observe you must observe everything. You should look at all articles of clothing that are visible, smell any fumes or scents, feel the texture of their belongings that you may find yourself holding. Use all of your senses that you can possibly use to collect data short of licking them.
3. Disregard Useless Data- Once you take in all the information you can it's time to delete some. Yep you just spent so much time gathering those facts and now you gotta sort through the important stuff. Remember nothing is small to a great mind, but something can be negligible to the situation at hand. If you observed that they don't wear a lot of red or are half deaf in one ear than you probably don't need that in determining their economical status. This excess information should be disregarded but saved for possible future prompts that may come your way.
4. Formulate a Hypothesis- This does not mean to theorize before getting your solution. The last thing you want to do is to shape facts to fit answers, you want to shape answers to fit facts. This step lets you create a basis that you can experiment off of. In this case you could be able to tell that the person is higher than a very low class status but lower than a very high class status. All you're doing is creating a boundary line that you can work in and be sure of based on the facts available.
5. Experimentation (not quite what you think)- In this version of the scientific method that I use and created experimentation is probably not what you are thinking of. For this you need imagination. Start creating scenarios in you mind's eye and plug in variables until all the facts are proven to be true. Play with it until there are a few possible solutions.
6. Analyse and Subtract- Analyse these few solutions that are left. Get rid of everything that is absolutely impossible. Set the highly improbable to the side for further examination and focus on the more obvious answers. The improbable can sometimes be the explanation but don't plan on it, the more obvious solution is generally the correct one unless you're missing some of the facts that disprove it which leads to the next step.
7. Revise and Re-experiment- Once you get new data you should go back and revise your hypothesis. Just like in any scientific inquiry new information can change everything so you should be ready to re-experiment and play with more scenarios.
Once you are happy with what you got you should see if you were correct so that you know if you're on the right track. Now i'm not saying you should go around formulating peoples incomes and then asking if you were correct, I actually advise against this. You should instead start out with someone you know well enough to not get offended or try a totally different question all together until you are proficient enough to move on to much higher situations like per se a murder case.