#rational agents

1. Euphoria

Strong and/or reactive positive emotions =

gain up-valuation

increased emphasis of reward, gain, and opportunity

corresponding secondary, smaller de-emphasis of loss and risk

increase in the perceived likelihood and expected magnitude of rewards and gains

corresponding secondary, smaller decrease in the extent to which losses and risks are perceived

increase in (potentially false) identifications of rewards, gains, and opportunities

increased motivation and goal-formation, especially regarding short-term and exploratory, social, or hedonic goals

increased activity in pursuit of rewards and gains

increased outward exploratory activity

increased social activity

actual increase in the number, likelihood, and magnitude of phenomenological rewards and gains (i.e. pleasure and other intrinsically desirable, hedonic-euphoric feelings)

2. Anhedonia

Weak and/or nonreactive positive emotions =

gain down-valuation

decreased emphasis of reward, gain, and opportunity

decrease in the perceived likelihood and expected magnitude of rewards and gains

decrease in (potentially true) identifications of rewards, gains, and opportunities

decreased motivation and goal-formation, especially regarding short-term, exploratory, social, and hedonic goals

decreased activity in pursuit of rewards and gains

decreased outward exploratory activity

decreased social activity

actual decrease in the number, likelihood, and magnitude of phenomenological gains (i.e. pleasure and other intrinsically desirable, hedonic-euphoric feelings)

3. Dysphoria

Strong and/or reactive negative emotions =

loss up-valuation

increased emphasis of loss, risk, threat, and/or wrongdoing

corresponding secondary, smaller de-emphasis of reward, gain, and opportunity

increase in the perceived likelihood and expected magnitude of losses, risks, threats, and/or wrongs

corresponding secondary, smaller decrease in the extent to which rewards, gains, and opportunities are perceived

increase in (potentially false) identifications of losses, risks, threats, and/or wrongs

a. generally decreased motivation and goal-formation (connected to a sense of hopelessness or general expectation of risk) or b. increased avoidant motivation and goal-formation (towards preventing or avoiding losses, risks, or threats) and/or increased hostile motivation and goal-formation (towards accusing others, hurting or threatening others, or punishing or forcibly halting perceived wrongs or injustices)

a. generally decreased activity (behavioural inhibition, withdrawal, psychomotor retardation) or b. increased avoidant activity (activity to prevent or avoid perceived losses, risks, or threats) and/or increased hostile activity (accusing others, threatening or trying to hurt others, or trying to punish or forcibly halt perceived wrongs or injustices)

decreased outward exploratory activity

actual increase in the number, likelihood, and magnitude of phenomenological losses (i.e. in dysphoric feelings, which are intrinsically undesirable/noxious/aversive)

4. Apathy (Negative Emotional Apathy)

Weak and/or nonreactive negative emotions =

loss down-valuation

decreased emphasis of loss, risk, threat, and wrongdoing

decrease in the perceived likelihood and expected magnitude of losses, risks, threats, and wrongs

decrease in (potentially true) identifications of losses, risks, threats, and wrongs

decreased motivation and goal-formation, especially avoidant (towards preventing or avoiding losses, risks, or threats) and hostile (towards accusing others, hurting or threatening others, or punishing or forcibly halting perceived wrongs or injustices)

decreased avoidant activity (activity to avoid or prevent perceived losses, risks, or threats)

decreased hostile activity (accusing others, threatening or trying to hurt others, or trying to punish or forcibly halt perceived wrongs or injustices)