🌴 Shinsen Nihon shokubutsu zusetsu. Tokyo: Keigyosha, Meiji 32-36 [1899-1903] Original source Image description: Historical botanical illustration of the Pteridophyta species Phegopteris krameri. The main subject is a detailed fern frond with pinnate leaflets marked by numerous small spore clusters (sori) on their undersides. Insets include a magnified view of leaf veins with sori, a spore cluster structure, and two individual spores. The fern’s rhizome and root system are depicted at the base, showing fine root hairs. The illustration is in black ink on aged paper, labeled with scientific and Japanese names, and numbered parts for identification. It reflects early 20th-century botanical documentation style.

🌴 Icones filicum ad eas potissimum species illustrandas destinatæ, quæ hactenus, vel in herbariis delituerunt prorsus incognitae, vel saltem nondum per icones botanicis innotuerunt.. Londini, Prostant Venales Apud Treuttel et Würtz, Treuttel Fil. et Richter; [etc., etc.]1831.. Original source Image description: Illustration of Asplenium subsinuatum, a species of fern from the Pteridophyta group. It features three elongated green leaves with distinct dark brown sori patterns on their undersides. The fern is shown with visible rhizomes and roots extending horizontally. Detailed close-ups include spore clusters on the leaf segments and individual spores, emphasizing reproductive structures. The drawing is rendered in naturalistic colors and fine lines on a light background, typical of 19th-century botanical art. The plate is labeled "TAB. XXVII" at top right, with the species name and artist's signature at the bottom.

🌴 Shinsen Nihon shokubutsu zusetsu. Tokyo: Keigyosha, Meiji 32-36 [1899-1903] Original source Image description: Detailed botanical illustration of Nipphobolus lingua, a Pteridophyta species, featuring two large elongated leaves with visible veins and hairy stems. The image shows close-ups of leaf cross-sections numbered 1 and 2, displaying internal cell structures. Additional smaller illustrations include coiled immature fronds (8), spore clusters (9), star-shaped structures (4 and 5), and a textured section of leaf surface (7). The illustration, signed by T. Makino, is labeled Plate XLVIII and includes Japanese characters and scientific notation, reflecting its origin from the Shinsen Nihon shokubutsu zusetsu publication (1899-1903, Meiji era).

🌴 British ferns London: Lovell Reeve & Co., 1866. Original source Image description: Illustration of British ferns from 1866, depicting two main fern specimens with detailed fronds and root structures. The left fern shows multiple green and brown segmented leaves with visible sori (spore clusters) along the underside, accompanied by an inset drawing of spores. The right fern features tall, slender green fronds with curled young leaves and reproductive structures. The artwork highlights the ferns’ varied leaf shapes, textures, and spore-producing features, characteristic of Pteridophyta. The image is hand-colored, showcasing botanical accuracy and classical scientific illustration style.

🌴 Shinsen Nihon shokubutsu zusetsu. Tokyo: Keigyosha, Meiji 32-36 [1899-1903] Original source Image description: Historical botanical illustration of Swertia Swertopsis, a Pteridophyta plant, showing several detailed views of the plant's parts. Central main image depicts the entire plant with two tall stems, each bearing lance-shaped leaves and clusters of small, pointed flowers. Surrounding illustrations include close-ups of flower structure, seed pods, roots, and pollen details, labeled with numbers for identification. The style is precise line art typical of Meiji-era scientific plates, emphasizing botanical morphology for study and classification. The image includes fine details like leaf venation, reproductive organs, and surface textures. Text in Japanese and English identifies the species and plate number.

🌴 A second century of ferns London: Dulau, 1864. Original source Image description: Illustration from 1864 titled "A second century of ferns" showing a Pteridophyta species. The main subject is a delicate, branching fern with a hairy stem and small, pinnate green leaflets arranged alternately along the stem. Below the main plant are three detailed black and white sketches of individual fern leaves, each highlighting the spore-producing sori on the underside. The detailed drawings emphasize the fern's reproductive structures and leaf shapes, illustrating botanical features characteristic of fern species in this group. The illustration has a simple beige background with fine, precise line work and subtle green coloring on the main fern.

🌴 Icones filicum ad eas potissimum species illustrandas destinatæ, quæ hactenus, vel in herbariis delituerunt prorsus incognitae, vel saltem nondum per icones botanicis innotuerunt.. Londini, Prostant Venales Apud Treuttel et Würtz, Treuttel Fil. et Richter; [etc., etc.]1831.. Original source Image description: Historical botanical illustration of Aspidium proliferum, a fern species in Pteridophyta, showing a green plant with elongated, lance-shaped leaves and a visible root system. Two fertile fronds rise vertically, each bearing a row of round sori or spore cases on their undersides. To the left, smaller detailed drawings depict mature sporangia with stalks and released spores. In the lower right, a colored inset highlights a cross-section of a fertile frond, illustrating sori arrangement and structure. The illustration is labeled with the plant name in cursive and dated 1831, demonstrating detailed morphology for botanical study of ferns.

Botrichio lunaria (Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw., Ophioglossaceae)