#3774 - Polystichum neozelandicum - Black Shield Fern
A common fern in New Zealand and the Chatham Islands, from the coast up to the mountains, on forested hillsides and banks, on coastal cliff faces under scrub, and usually in well-lit conditions.
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One of the plants thriving in the restored garden behind the motel. Unfortunately it's an introduced species from Eurasia and North America. Naturalised in New Zealand since 1958, and now a serious weed.
The unusual name is the result of it being thought to be the male version of the common lady fern Athyrium filix-femina. Because it's more robust and vigorous. Sigh.
Another common name is worm fern, and in Finland kivikkoalvejuuri, both refering to it use against tapeworm. Large doses cause blindness and even death, but at least you won't have tapeworms.
Also known as pūnui. Polystichum refers to the parallel rows of spore cases on the underside of the fronds, and vestitum (Latin for "clothed") denotes the dense cover of the scales on its leaf stalks. Fronds grow up to 600mm in length.
An evergreen or semi-green, cold-tolerant fern most common on New Zealand’s South Island, and a wide spread of Subantarctic islands.
In the northern part of its range P. vestitum is confined to montane regions or where temperature inversions keep the climate cold, but further south it can grow right down to the coast. Found in exposed habitats, such as forest margins, gulley floors and tussock grasslands, but it also commonly extends into forest in colder, wetter parts of New Zealand. On Macquarie Island it dominates the fernbrake communities, but is severely threatened by rabbits.
These ones were high in the middle of the South Island near Aoraki Mount Cook. It can be grown in cultivation, quite easily, but it slow to establish. Insect predators of the fern include the the tiny caterpillar of the "pūnui spore-eater", the "pale fern looper", and the "zigzag fern looper".
Two members of the shield fern family, Dryopteridaceae
Diplazium pycnocarpon, glade fern, prefers high moisture and humidity and does well in dense shade, often I see this species not in glades but in ravines prone to some flooding living away from the bashside of rocks(sheltered side) and as a chasmophyte, a crack dwelling plant; but to clarify it is lithophitic, rock loving, but not having an epipetric( living on rocks soley) habit.). (epipetric is a delineate rock obligate)
Dryopteris marginalis, marginal wood fern/shield fern, more generalistic to light often on embankments and highly organic soil. I feel like this one is more generalistic than most and is almost as common as christmas fern.
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terrestrial plant with no flowers or bulbs sporangia present
Herbs reproducing by spores released directly from sporangia, the sporangia variously located [on abaxial leaf face, [LYCOPHYTES and FERNS]
Plant terrestrial l; leaf 1-2 pinnate,; sporangia borne on aerial portion of leaf
Leaves all alike or nearly so, the fertile [sporangium-bearing] blades very similar in size and shape to sterile blades sporangia borne on underside of leaf blade, new leaves generally coiled, unrolling as they develop
Sori borne away from margin on underside of leaf or leaflet, sporangia clustered in distinct sori; indusia present
Sori ± round
Blade without needle-like hairs
Indusium peltate or round-reniform, attached ± in center of sorus , generally present and readily observable in late-season specimens ..... DRYOPTERIDACEAE
- Indusium peltate , centrally attached, without a sinus
- Veins generally free, rarely ± joined; leaf 1–3-pinnate, teeth, generally including bristle-like tips, < 4 mm ..... POLYSTICHUM
-Leaf generally 1-pinnate, rarely to partly 2-pinnate; pinnae generally simple, ± entire to serrate, in Polystichum kruckebergii sometimes 1-lobe
Leaf 10–120(200) cm; pinnae simple
Proximal pinnae ovate to lanceolate , ± = to ± 2/3 longest; stipe generally 1/5–1/2 blade
Stipe base scales lanceolate, ± 2–3 mm wide, those above proximal pinnae generally < 1 mm wide, falling early; pinnae ± in 1 plane or not; indusium ± entire to toothed ..... P. imbricans
DESCRIPTION
Rhizome: generally suberect to erect, often stout
Stipe/petiole: generally 1/5--1/2 of blade Stout, firm, generally densely scaly, base scales +- 2--3 mm wide, lanceolate, those above proximal pinnae generally, ×-section with many round vascular strands in an arc.
Blade: narrow-lanceolate to -elliptic, 1-pinnate,, proximal pinnae reduced or not, thin to leathery, scaly, veins generally free, rarely +- jointed; pinna bases often wider acroscopically; teeth, generally including bristle-like tip
Sporangia: sori round; indusium peltate [0 or reniform], sinus 0. indusium +- entire to toothed