Oct 24, 2024
October colours by Colin-47 https://www.flickr.com/photos/38972744@N06/54081031018
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October colours by Colin-47 https://www.flickr.com/photos/38972744@N06/54081031018
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#1908 - Pteridium esculentum - Austral Bracken
Originally known as Pteris esculenta when it was described by German botanist Georg Forster in 1786, and earned its current binomial name in 1908. ‘Esculentum’ refers to the edibility of the rhizomes, and ‘pteris’ tothe featherlike appearance. The Eora people of the Sydney region knew it as gurgi, and the Māori call it aruhe. I don’t know what the Noongar people over here in Western Australia call it, but the plant is common enough here particularly near fresh water.
The Māori cultivated the fern as a staple crop across much of Aoteoroa, by cleaning existing forests and encouraging fern growth, especially in rich soil, but the fern rapidly invades disturbed areas even without additional encouragement. The rhizomes would be air-dried for storage, were briefly heated and then softened with a patu aruhe (rhizome pounder). The starch could then be sucked from the fibers or collected for a larger feast. Patu aruhe were significant cultural items and several distinct styles were developed across New Zealand. Australia’s indigenous people pounded the rhizomes and roasted the result.
However, the fern can also contain high levels of the carcinogen ptaquiloside, and may be related to outbreaks of bovine enzootic haematuria, where serious bleeding occurs from lesions in the cow or bull’s bladder.
The local woods are so beautiful and vibrant in mid-May, now that the canopy has closed and the ferns are taking over the forest floor. Early azalea (Rhododendron prinophyllum), also known as roseshell azalea, is at peak bloom along the edges of the open woods, competing for space and sunlight with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and Allegheny blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis). Deeper in the shady, rich woods, Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense) is also a peak bloom, while wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis), a member of the ginseng family once used as a substitute ingredient for Smilax ornata in root beer, is just getting there. And rising elegantly from the vibrant green carpet is the queen of the May forest, pink lady’s slipper orchid (Cypripedium acaule), which is fortunately still locally common in the rich, acidic woods of Chestnut Ridge. The photos above were taken along Glade Run in Coopers Rock State Forest.
Pteridium aquilinum, Western Brackenfern
Pteridium aquilinum, Western Brackenfern
Dennstaedtiacea ( Athyriaceae)
perennial fern
ワラビの夏の葉
Fern leaves (Pteridium)
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Plant of the Day
Sunday 17 December 2017
A native British fern Pteridium aquilinum (bracken, brake fern) is found in woodlands and heathland. It is tolerant of a wide range of soils and climates and can be spread via spores and underground stems. This plant can be invasive and is not normally planted in gardens but it was catching the sunlight on the forest floor of Marks Hall Arboretum, Essex, where the students of Writtle University College Design Department and staff were given a tour by the curator. We finished with hot drinks and mince pies - thank you to all the team at Marks Hall !
Jill Raggett
ferns. 🌿
Pteridium aquilinum