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Heket: Heket/Heqet (depicted top left) was a frog-headed Goddess associated with fertility since the anual flooding of the Nile brought fertile land and frogs. Heket was sometimes depicted as a frog on top of a phallus. Heket was the consort of Khnum and was a Goddess of child birth often depicted as a frog on a lotus on Egyptian talismans, her priestesses were also trained as midwives known as “servants of Heket”. Khnum was said to create new bodies out of clay on a potters wheel and Heket was said to breath vital spark or Ba into them, since she also did this for the dead Osiris she also became associated with resurrection.

Hemsut: Hemsut refers to a collective of Goddesses who preside over fate and were said to embody the creative potential of the primordial waters. In one myth Hemsut are said to have been created by Ptah while in another they are drawn out from the primordial waters (Nun) by the Goddess Neith. The Hemsut were depicted as women baring a shield with two crossed arrows above it (the symbol of Neith) or they were depicted we kneeling women holding a child between their arms.

Herishef: Herishef was a ram-headed God thought to be associated with the Nile as his name means “He who sits upon the lake”, Herishef is therefore also associated with the sacred water lily and the God Nerfertem just as the lotus adorns or sits ontop of the Nile. Herishef is often depicted with an elaborate crown compossed of serpents anf sun-discs. In some mythologies Herishef is said to be born of the blood of Osiris when Osiris wore the divine crown of Ra while in others he is considered an aspect of the Ba of Osiris - the ram-headed God Banebdjedet or an ascended form of him.

Hesat: Hesat is the cow form of Hathor and was said to be the Goddess of milk and nourishment, milk was therefore called the “beer of Hesat” and was seen as life giving, thus Hesat is also mother of the death God Anubis in a divine parallel. Hesat was closely related to Hathor and also Isis.

Horus: Horus (depicted top row and central) was depicted as a falcon-headed man and repreaented the divine child of Isis and Osiris (although originally of Hatmehit and Osiris). In some mythologies Hathor is considered the mother of Horus while in others she is considered his consort and wife. Horus was a solar deity representing the light of the sun God Ra and also the sky. Horus was associated with war and hunting as well as of resurrection and divinity. The pharoah was said to embody Horus in the flesh when securing his right to rule having completed the king making ritual (Hieros Gamos). Since Horus was the sky his eyes were said to be the sun and moon, as a God of light he was opposed to the God of darkness Seth it was explained that the moon is less bright than the sun since the (left) moon-eye of horus was scratched out by Seth in battle while Horus wounded Seth’s testicles, since Horus represented lower Egypt and Seth upper Egypt this explained why the desert was barren. The eyes of Horus became one as the eye of Ra in an alchemical marriage of sun and moon, of unifying opposition. Horus had many forms including a child sucking his thumb and as a lotus or otherwise Horus the elder who was depicted holding up Ma’at but also as a falcon with outstretched wings with the sun and moon eyes in the form of Kemwer meaning “great black one”. The struggle between Horus and Seth for the throne of Egypt lasyed eighty years and many contests until unification of the two lands was achieved however as Seth was a deification of darkness and Horus the light they were said to battle with Horus winning through each day and Seth winning through each night.

Hu: Hu was the deification of the first word, the word of creation, that Atum was said to have exclaimed upon ejaculating or alternatively his self-sexualisation or castration in an act of sacred marriage in creating the Ogdoad. Along with Heka and Sia, Hu was thought to be a principle form of magic as spoken words were seen as utilising the magic of Heka and Sia to manifest the will of the magician. Hu was also associated with Ptah in his role as a creator deity. Hu is often depicted as ram-headed or as a falcon. Eventually Hu was merged with the God Shu and the two became the same being.

Huh: Huh is depicted as a kneeling man holding in each hand a palm branch, although sometimes he is also crowned by a third branch. Huh is one of the primordial Gods of the Ogdoad and was therefore symbolised by a frog in contrast to his consort and sister Hauhet who was his feminine form depicted as a snake. Huh was the God of limitlessness and of the potential creative-forces in the primordial waters.

Iah: Iah is a moon deity of Egyptian mythology who was increasingly assimilated into both Osiris and Khonsu. Iah was at one point known as the God of the new moon and is sometimes seen as the adult version of Khonsu in a longer wig and wearing a crown.

Iat: Iat is the Goddess of milk and therefore of nurturing and child-birth, Iat was spawned from the udders of Meht-Urt and probably refers to milk drawn in ritual such as “drawing down the stars of heaven” - meaning to suckle milk from the breast of a Goddess or mortal woman invoking a Goddess.

Ihy: Ihy is the cow God of the sistrum (rattle) and was therefore seen as the son of Hathor. Ihy was said to have been fathered by Ra or Horus and was the God of the music produced by the sistrum. Ihy was depicted as a child holding a sistrum or as a nude child with his finger in his mouth which would come to influence the later Greek God of silence Harpocretes.

Imentet: Imentet (depicted second row and central) was a Goddess of death representing the necropolis and west of the Nile. Imentet lived in a tree overlooking the entrance to Duat and therefore possibly represents and Egyptian version of the tree of death/Qliphoth or inverted tree of life and thus a Kabbalistic mystery. Imentet would offer food to the dead to help them in their journey. Imentet is titled “She of the West” since the sun sets in the west symbolically entering the underworld.

Imsety: Imsety was a human form God and one of the four sons of Horus. Imsety was therefore depicted on canopic jars where he stored the liver and was said to be protected by Isis. Imsety was said to represent the South and was one of the four rudders of heaven or four pillars of Shu.

Ishtar: Ishtar was a Sumerian Goddess who was also sometimes worshiped in Egypt.

Isis: Isis (depicted top row and right) was the Egyptian Goddess of life, nature and magic. Isis was said to be first born of Nut and Geb and is the twin sister of Nelhthys, Osiris and Seth. Isis means “throne” and the Goddess is often depicted by a throne and has a throne on her head, she is also depicted as having a scepter and ankh and often with wings. Isis is often depicted nursing her infant son Horus, an image which influenced later Christian depictions of Mary breastfeeding Christ. Isis was known as a protector of the dead as she was consort of her brother the death God Osiris. Isis is often depicted as a lotus or sycamore tree and particularly is shown as a tree with breasts which is likely an early Egyptian tree of life Kabbalistic mystery. After Seth destroyed Osiris splitting his body into thirteen pieces Isis gathered them up and put him back together although she could not find his phallus which had been swallowed by a fish, Isis then poisoned the sun God Ra with a snake made of his own drool and healed him only once he had revealed the secret of resurrection and his own true name then with the aid of a golden phallus Isis resurrected Osiris using the golden phallus to impregnate herself in a sacred marriage with him after which Horus was born. In another mythology Isis went into hiding while pregnant with Horus and was protected by seven scorpions, she arrived in a town called the twin sisters and sought lodgings however a local rich woman refused to house them forcing them to lodge with the poor, six of the scorpions then added their venom to the seventh who stung the child of the rich woman who ran into town seeking help, Isis cured the womans son by uttering the names of all seven scorpions in turn. The myths of Isis elaborate on the Egyptian belief in the power of names as an instrument of magic. The myth of the solar deity Ra and the serpent could also be interpreted as a kundilini/serpent energy mystery. Isis is also said to have given birth to four sons after being impregnated by her own son Horus who eventually became her husband since Isis eventually was merged with Hathor adopting all her symbolisms including as the “mansion of Horus”. Originally Isis is formed from the myths of three older Goddesses Hatmehit, Ma’at and Selket/Hedetet while also related to Meht-Urt/Hathor Nekhbet and Iusaaset.

Iusaaset: Iusaaset is a primordial Goddess refered to as the “Grandmother of all Gods” as she was often seen as the female side of Atum. Iusaaset appears as a woman wearing the horned vulture crown with the Uraeus and solar disc ontop, she carried a scepter in one hand and an ankh in the other. The vulture was sacred to the Egyptians and was thought to reproduce from virgin birth/parthenogenesis it was related to the deity Nekhbet, vultures were seen as great mothers. Iusaaset became Hathor and later Isis as evidenced by the vulture crown each wears. Iusaaset is the owner of the sacred Acadia tree where the Gods were born often equated with the Egyptian Kabbalistic tree of life. Iusaaset is also associated with sacred marriage or Hieros Gamos since she forms an androdgyny with Atum.

Kauket: Kauket was the female version of Kuk and also his consort, both were one androdgynous being and part of the Ogdoad, as a female Kauket was therefore represented as a snake. Kauket was also a representative of darkness and chaos and was said to be the one who “brought in the light” since the darkness bares the light, this may be an early form of “light-bringer”/Lucifer.

Kebechet: Kebechet was the daughter of Anubis and Anput she was depicted as a serpent and her name means “cooling waters” as she was a Goddess of embalming said to give water to the dead it is often thought that she is the deification of embalming fluid.

Khepri: Khepri (second row on the left) was seen as an aspect of the sun God Ra in the mornings when the sun had risen above the horizon. Khepri was symbolised as a winged scarab with the sun above him or as a scarab-headed man holding a scepter and ankh. As the scarab rolls balls of dung around so too was Khepri said to do the same with the sun, moving it across the sky. Since scarabs lay their eggs in dungballs the Egyptians percieved them to give birth through putrification or death and thus they came to symbolise rebirth and resurrection.

Kherty: Kherty is a God in the form of a mummified ram his name means “to slaughter” possibly related to sacrificial lambs. Kherty was the deification of heart attacks and acted as a psychopomp guiding the souls of the dead. These associations suggest Kherty may actually depict rams sacrificed to prevent heart attacks or for some curative property found in the carcass of rams.

Khnemu: Khnemu was a ram-headed God of the Nile, since the anual flooding brought clay and life with it Khnemu was thought to create the original bodies of humans out of clay before placing them into their mothers womb to be born in a flood of water, he did this on a special potters wheel giving him the title “divine potter”. Khnemu was also the consort of Heket who breathed Ka (vital spark) into the clay bodies he would form, giving them life. These mythologies of clay may relate to the Sumerian clay wombs or later Hebrew/Christian stories of Adam and Eve being created from Adamah clay. Khnemu is also an aspect of the sun God Ra and represents the setting sun. Khnemu was often depicted at a potters wheel crafting children out of clay or pouring water from a vessel. Khnemu probably influenced the ram-headed Nile deity Herishef.

Khonsu: Khonsu was a God of the moon and time, he was also part of a trinity of deities with his mother Mut and his father Amut (not the devourer Amut). Khonsu was also the God of lunar light and of fertility as well as healing. Khonsu is often depicted as a green-skined and therefore mumified man with a moon on his head and armed with a staff, a crook and a flail, he also has the hair-style known to depict children in Egyptian art-work while in other images he appears as falcon-headed with a moon above the hawk head distinguishing him from Horus. At times he is shown with a full moon and crescent moon containing it. Khonsu’s sacred animal was the babboon because it was considered a luna animal in ancient Egypt.

Kuk: Kuk was the male version of Kauket and also her consort, both were an androdgynous being that were part of the Ogdoad. Since Kuk was male he was represented by a frog. Kuk symbolised darkness and alongside Kauket was said to be the “one who brought the light” which may be an early version of “light-bringer”/lucifer.

Maahes: Maahes the red lion-headed war and protection deity born of the union of Ptah and Bastet. Maahes was also a God of the weather, bladed weapons, lotuses and cannibalism. Maahes had the titles “crimson lord” and “lord of slaughter” because his name contains the first hieroglyph for “Ma’at” he is often associated with Amut the devourer. Maahes was the brother of the blue lotus God Nefertem and was thus sometimes depicted as surrounded by lotuses, Maahes was often depicted as a lion-headed man wearing a crown and holding a knife, he was also shown as a lion devouring a man.

Ma’at: Ma’at (depicted second row and right) represented truth, order, morality, harmony, unity, justice and balance. Ma’at was also personified as a Goddess regulating the stars, seasons and the actions of both mortals and divine beings. Ma’at was the principle of order of the universe distinguishing order from chaos. Since Ma’at represents order she was oppossed to chaos deities such as Apophis. Ma’at was often said to be the daughter of Ra or Atum. Ma’at was depicted as a winged Goddess with a blue feather on her head or as a set of scales. Ma’at utilised the feather of truth (the God Shu) - a blue ostrich feather (since ostrich feathers are perfectly balanced) against the Ib (heart) of the deceased souls in the hall of judgement known as Ma’ati, she would weigh the Ib and feather by help of Anubis with the other Gods in precession, Thoth would record the results, if the Ib was true it would ascend to the paradise of the Gods while if the Ib was heavy it would be fed to the monster Amut causing the soul to walk Duat as a shade. In order to pass this test the soul had to truthfully answer the 42 commandments of Ma’at since Ma’at as the deification of order was also divine law. Ma’at is said to be made up of 42 lesser deities who are personifications of truth, law and order, each of these deities represents an area of ancient Egypt and one of the confessions of Ma’at. Ma’at is the third eye of the Goddess Hathor and Ma’at is thought to be related to Isis and Nephthys who share the winged Goddess depiction. Ma’at is thought to be an influence on modern Freemasonry and is likely to be the earliest influence on the star sign of Libra.

Mafdet: Mafdet was an early Egyptian Goddess in the form of either a lion or a mongoose. Mafdet was the deification of execution and legal justice and was seen to protect against scorpions and snakes which were seen as transgressors against Ma’at thus Mafdet is linked to Ma’at and was also a protector of the pharoah and held the title “slayer of serpents”. Mafdet is often depicted as a woman with the head of a lion or a lion with the head of a woman. Mafdet was also depicted as a feline running up the side of an executioners staff. It was said that Mafdet ripped out the hearts of wrong-doers, delivering them to the pharoahs feet, in a similar manner as domestic cats would present dead mice or birds. Mafdet was seen as ruling over the hall of judgement Ma’ati in Duat where the enemies of pharoah were depicted with Mafdets claw. Mafdets cult was eventually replaced by that of Bastets.

Mehen: Mehen is the serpent God who coils around Ra in his journey at night. Mehen is protective of Ra and is thought to be an Egyptian varient of the Ouroboros. Mehen is also a board game played by ancient Egyptians but the relationship (if any) between the deity and game is unknown.

Mertseger: Mertseger means “she who loves the silence”. Mertseger was a Goddess known to be both dangerous and merciful and was closely related to Hathor. Mertseger was depicted as a woman holding a scepter and ankh with a cobra head or sometimes as a coiled cobra, a woman-headed cobra or rarely as a three-headed snake with a cobra, vulture and womans head. Mertseger was the Goddess of tomb builders and was known to spit venom and cause illness to those who defile the tombs while she was also a healing deity to the tomb builders themselves helping to cure illnesses. Mertseger’s association with building may link her to the Egyptian builder cults her name meaning “she who loves silence” may relate to closely guarded secrets such as the vows of silence taken by modern Freemasons.

Meshkhenet: Meshkhenet was a Goddess of childbirth and protection said to have created the Ka (vital spark) that Heket would breath into the clay creations of Khnemu. Meshkhnet was the consort of the God Shay who was associated with destiny which also made Meshkhnet a Goddess of fate especially in relation to her role in creating the Ka. Mashkhenet was often depicted as a woman holding an ankh with a cows uterus on her headress which may link her to Hathor and fertility. Meshkhenet was a divine mid-wife and in ancient Egypt women gave birth by squatting over “birthing-bricks” thus Meshkhenet was often depicted as a brick with a womans face sometimes with the cows uterus still on her headress. Meshkhenet features in the weighing of Ma’at where she may represent reincarnation for souls undergoing judgement to be reborn in the flesh.

Min: Min was also known as “Khem” meaning “black” in relation to the “black work/art” or alchemy (Al Khem). Min was able to take a lesser form as Khnemu. Min was said to be the offspring of Isis and Osiris and was depicted as a man with pitch black skin wearing white and with a long erect penis held in his left hand while in his right hand he holds a flail, he wore a dual-plumed headress like Amun-Ra and a red ribbon that trails to the ground wrapped around his forehead which represents sexual energy. The symbols of Min were the white bull, a barbed arrow and a bed of lettuce. As the erection indicates Min was a fertility, sexual and reproduction deity associated with bulls and the fertile black soil of the Nile. The Egyptian lettuce is associated with Min since it is tall, straight and releases a milky substance making it represent a phallus and semen thus it is associated with Min, fertility and aphrodisiac properties. Min was later a lion-headed war God.

Montu: Montu was a war God depicted as a falcon-headed or bull-headed man who wore the sun-disc with two plumes on his head, the falcon represents the sky and the bull represents strength and war. Montu would hold various weaponry including scimitars, bows and knives. Montu had several consorts including the Goddesses Tenenet, Iunit and the female version of Ra - Raettawy. Montu was only said to take the face of the bull when enraged.

Mut: Mut represents the primordial waters of creation that through a process of virgin birth/parthenogenesis caused matter to come into existence. Mut is closely associated with Iusaaset and may be an early form of her thus it could be said that Mut was a female counterpart to Atum. Mut was known to be a trinity Goddess including Wadjet and Bastet or later when associated with war Sekhmet and Bastet. Just as Mut became Iusaaset who became Meht-Urt who became Hathor who became Isis this Goddess has a long history of transformation and connections to other deities. Mut was depicted as a woman with the wings of a vulture, holding an ankh wearing the united crown of upper and lower Egypt and often with the vulture crown and usually depicted wearing a dress of red or blue with the feather of the Goddess Ma’at at her feet. Due to her various associations and transformations Mut is sometimes depicted as a cobra, cat, cow, lioness or vulture. Mut was known to have priests, oracles and priestesses at her sites of worship and it is likely that the cult practiced sacred prostitution due to Mut’s associations with Hieros Gamos and virgin births.

Naunet: Naunet is the female form of Nun and repressents the abyss or primordial waters of creation making her possibly interchangeable with Mut and Iusaaset. As one of the eight members of the Ogdoad and being female she is represented as a snake or as a blue or green skinned woman representing the waters. Naunet’s name means “Abyss”. The ancient Egyptians envisioned the oceanic abyss (possibly space) of Nun and Naunet as a bubble in which the sphere of life is encapsulated representing the deepest mystery of their cosmology and better known as the “circumpunct” which represents the soul and sun in Alchemy.

Nebethetepet: Nebethetepet’s name means “Lady of the offerings” and thus she may have been a Goddess of sacrifices, she was the deification of Atums right hand of creation. Nebethetepet was often depicted as a woman with a vase on her head with Uraeus and holding a staff.

Nefertem: Nefertem (depicted third row down and left) was the deification of the sacred Egyptian water lily, he was depicted as a man with blue skin and a blue water lily on his head and holding an ankh and a staff. Nefertem was said to have spawned from the primordial waters of creation just as the lotus appears each day from below the water, the lotus embodied Nerfertem when closed and the sun God Ra when open. Nefertem was said to be born of the primordial waters of creation or the sky while sometimes also the son of Ptah, Bastet or Sekhmet. He was sometimes depicted as lion or cat headed like his red brother Maahes. Nefertem was given the title “water-lily of the sun” and his associations with sacred Egyptian water lilies may connect him with their ritual consumption for their narcotic sedative effects.

Neith Neith was a major Goddess of war, hunting, weaving and wisdom and was said to make weapons of warriors and to guard warriors who die. Neith was usually depicted as a woman with a red crown or a pair of arrows crossing a shield, she was often depicted holding weapons but also shown holding an ankh and scepter. Neith is often interchangable with Hathor and primordial water Goddesses such as Meht-Urt, Iusaaset and Mut. Neith was often depicted with the same horns-uraeus-sun disc motif on her head as Hathor and ultimately was one of the Goddesses assumed into the myths of Isis. Neith was a Goddess of fate and was said to have weaved creation into being. Sometimes Neith was pictured as a woman nursing a baby crocodile and gained the title “nurse of crocodiles” reflecting a provincial mythology that she served as either mother or consort to the crocodile God Sobek. Neith is sometimes considered androdgynous and she is usually a psychopomp figure guiding dead souls through the underworld for which she held the title “opener of paths” or “Goddess of the way”. Neith was often depicted as the unseen sky or space with stars on her back as opposed to Nut the sky Goddess who had stars on her belly.

Nekhbet: A vulture Goddess associated with virgin births since the Egyptians couldnt tell male vultures from female and thus assumed them all to be female and impregnated by the wind. Nekhbet is an aspect of other Goddesses with the same function and these are usually identified by a vulture headress such as Mut, Iusaaset and Isis. Nekhbet as a vulture may be associated with funeral rites or death and decay and was particularly associated symbolically with the Uraeus and Wadjet symbols.

Neper: Neper was the son of Renenutet and was a God of grain and had a female counter part of the same function named Nepit. Both Neper and Nepit were depicted as dotted to show that they were the personification of grain and were fertility deities closely associated with the harvest and the crops as the crops grow back after harvest these deities were both considered minor deities of resurrection and as such as aspects of Osiris.

Nephthys: Nephthys (depicted third row and central) was the twin sister of Isis, Seth and Osiris she was also the consort of her brother Seth and birthed the God Anubis from a union with her other brother Osiris. Nephthys is often depicted as a winged woman with a house on her head with a basket on top of the house, she is often shown holding a scepter and ankh. Nephthys is a Goddess of priestesses and temples, lamentation for the dead, death, ritual, rivers and night-time. Just as Isis represents the rebirth experience of resurrection, Nephthys represents the death experience that comes before the two may therefore be linked with Kabbalistic tree of life/tree of death mysteries. Nephthys was a protective Goddess closely associated with funeral rites where through magic she was said to cast away demons that attempt to feed on the souls of the dead. Nephthys was also said to have helped Isis gather up the fragmented body of Osiris and sometimes to have nursed Horus. Nephthys was the guardian of the sacred Benu bird this is likely due to the Benu birds phoenix ressurection and Nephthys association with death as resurrection cannot occur without death happening first.

Nun: Nun is the male form of Naunet and represents the abyss or primordial waters of creation. As one of the members of the Ogdoad and being male Nun is represented as a frog or as a blue or green skined man linking him with the primordial waters. Nun and Naunet’s names both mean “Abyss”. The ancient Egyptians envisaged the oceanic abyss of Nun and Naunet as a bubble in which the sphere of life is encapsulated representing the deepest mysteries of their cosmology and better known as the “circumpunct” which represents the sun or soul in alchemy.

Nut: Nut (depicted third row and right) was depicted as a blue skinned woman covered in stars on her belly arching over her consort and brother the earth God Geb alternatively she is depicted as a cow with stars on her belly and relates to Meht-Urt and thus Hathor or as a woman holding an ankh with a water pot on her head. Nut and Geb were born of the union of Shu and Tefnut and then from their own union birthed Osiris, Isis, Nephthys and Seth. Nut was seperated from her brother and upheld in the sky by her father Shu the god of air who represented a ladder of ascension and the feather of Ma’at, Shu seperated Nut and Geb by order of Ra who had forbidden their further union after the initial births of their four children. Nut was said to be supported by Shu and the four sons of Horus who act as pillars each holding one of her limbs and relating to the four directions of a compass. The sun and moon were said to travel across Nut day and night respectively being reborn as they passed through her uterus because of this she bares the title “she who bares 1,000 souls” this also relates to the 1,000 souls/bee’s spawned by the Apis bull. Nut was also seen as a protective barrier seperating the ordered world from the chaotic abyss. Due to her association with the sky and stars Nut was also an important Goddess to early astrologers and as such the “book of Nut” is an ancient text regarding some of their beliefs and findings.

Onuris: Onuris was a God of war usually depicted as a man with a four-feathered headress, holding a scepter and ankh, he was also occasionally depicted as lion-headed. Onuris’s name means “sky bearer” which hints that he was ultimately assumed into the air God Shu who upholds the sky.

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