#polyarthra

"Paramecium and some other single-celled eukaryotes rely on a set of organelles called the contractile vacuole complex that are connected to the outside through a pore. The contractile vacuoles go through cycles of filling and expelling. As the vacuole fills up with fluid from inside the organism, the pore closes up--keeping everything inside the vacuole. When that's done, the pore opens back up. You know, for the peeing."

Journey to the Microcosmos- How Do Microorganisms Pee?

"A fun side note: cloacas act as a sort of multi-purpose opening. In the case of the rotifer, yes it is used for peeing. It's also used for giving birth. So maybe you're swimming in rotifer pee, or maybe you're swimming in rotifer babies. Whichever one it is, it all came from the same place."

Journey to the Microcosmos- How Do Microorganisms Pee?

Citizens to the Microcosmos working together 

Journey to the Microcosmos- The Complicated Legacy of Lynn Margulis

Images Originally Captured by Jam’s Germs