In Indian religions, Patala refers to
the subterranean realms of the universe, often translated as the underworld or netherworld. It is a complex concept with multiple interpretations, ranging from a physical location to a spiritual state.
Features of Patala in Hindu cosmology
A beautiful and wealthy realm: In some accounts, such as the Vishnu Purana, Patala is described as a place more beautiful than the heavenly realms. It is said to be filled with splendid jewels, lakes, groves, and magnificent palaces.
Home of supernatural beings:Patala is inhabited by various beings, including the serpent-like Nāgas, as well as the Danavas and Daityas (clans of demons). The seventh and lowest realm of Patala, also called Naga-loka, is specifically the domain of the Nāgas, ruled by the great serpent Vasuki.
Absence of suffering: In Patala, there is said to be no old age, sickness, or suffering. The darkness is illuminated by the jewels of its inhabitants, and the atmosphere is filled with sweet fragrances and music.
Seven lower realms: The underworld is composed of seven distinct realms. Their names vary depending on the Hindu text, but they include regions like Atala, Vitala, Sutala, and the lowest, Patala (or Naga-loka).
Other meanings and uses of the word
Beyond its mythological context, patala has other meanings:
Ancient city: In ancient history, Patala was a city located at the head of the Indus delta in modern-day Pakistan. Alexander the Great reportedly built a harbor there. The surrounding region was known as Patalene.
Ayurveda: In traditional Indian medicine, patala refers to the Stereospermum suaveolens tree, whose roots are used to treat various conditions, such as inflammation and liver problems. It can also refer to the anatomical layers of the eye.
Buddhism: In some Buddhist texts, such as the Patala Sutta, the term "bottomless chasm" is used as a metaphor for the suffering associated with attachment to bodily feelings.
Entomology: Euthalia patala, or the grand duchess, is a species of butterfly found in the Indomalayan region.
Video games: Patala is a fictional city-state in the video game Civilization VI.
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