Jun 8, 2019
A Sudanese official says 46 protestors were killed by paramilitaries, however opposition activists say the figure is far higher.
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A Sudanese official says 46 protestors were killed by paramilitaries, however opposition activists say the figure is far higher.
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There are clandestine or semi-clandestine arms of the State, which are the paramilitary groups. Today, it is not tolerated that you refer to them as such, but I still call them paramilitaries, because that is the appropriate term. In 1962, when Guillermo León Valencia was president, a mission of the North American army, of a special school of war in North Carolina, created after the Second World War to maintain the security of the United States, arrived in Colombia... They analyzed the situation in Colombia and left secret instructions, ordering the Colombian government to begin training mixed groups of civilians and the military, and preparing them for paramilitary terrorist activities to combat the sympathizers of communism. President Valencia, on Christmas day of the year 1965, issued Decree 3398 with which he changed the name of the Ministry of War to [the Ministry of] Defense, and authorized forming groups of civilians as auxiliaries of the armed forces, the legal basis of paramilitarism. The United States began to direct the entire security apparatus in Colombia and its agencies... first with 400 officers of the US Army; today there are at least 800. The paramilitarism that was created at that time, with all the legal support, has been reaffirmed.
Father Javier Giraldo, S.J., Colombia’s most prominent human rights defender
TFW time is a circle...🤔
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Paramilitary Policing
A paramilitary is a force or an organization whose function and being are similar to those of a professional military force, but at the same time is not afforded the same status.
Within every nation the word ‘paramilitary’ is in itself a very subjective term. Often the status of a nation’s paramilitary unit is dependent on the government of the relevant nation.
“Paramilitary policing and paramilitary police are groups of individuals organized in military fashion often to assist and operate alongside the government.”
In his well received book entitled; The Case Against Paramilitary Policing, Tony Jefferson defines paramilitary policing as: policing compromising of large numbers, military organization, protective clothing, equipment and more.
Why Do Paramilitary Groups Exist?
Paramilitary groups exist to serve a goal or an ideology of which they adhere to – even to the extent of using physical force.
In countries such as Colombia for example, left-wing paramilitary groups operate clandestinely as they work against the right-wing national government.
On the other hand, government-sponsored right-wing groups work in collaboration with the national government as they seek to prop up its power.
The Rise of Paramilitary Policing
As nation’s economies crumble, food prices soar, and crime, coupled with the threat of terrorism becomes ever more pertinent, a growing glamorization of paramilitary policing has arisen.
Despite a widespread advocating of community policing principles, most notably in the Western World, law enforcement that uses the equipment, training, rhetoric, as well as the tactics of warfare is on the rise within these same Western countries.
In a survey conducted in the mid-nineties, American sociologist Peter Kraska found that the number of paramilitary police missions in the U.S quadrupled between 1980 and 1995.
Likewise, according to Kraska, the United States harbours approximately 30,000 heavily armed military trained police units on the streets.
Extreme Policing
Representing the most explicit elements of right-wing criminology, including the infamous ‘Zero Tolerance Policing’, paramilitary policing allows for a better, more ruthless means of treating society’s ills.
The argument for this being that paramilitary police contain special response teams, in addition to tactical operation units. This allows for a more coordinated means of action.
Moreover, paramilitary police are equipped with the most high-tech arsenal and so are able to surprise and overwhelm the ‘enemy’, axiomatically demonstrated in the Assault on Entebbe in 1976.
Beslan and Jean-Charles De Menezes
The Entebbe operation is emblematic of the tough, maximum enforcement style of paramilitary policing, in addition to the confrontational and often provocative results associated with such a style of policing.
Although well-equipped with the finest gear, paramilitary police have historically, resorted to excessive use of violence and weaponry.
The Beslan school hostage crisis in 2004 and the case of the innocent Brazilian Jean-Charles De Menezes, who was shot dead in cold blood on the London Underground in 2005, provides a naked portrayal of the flaws with such an extreme form of policing.
Colombian authorities have arrested 32 local politicians for alleged ties to right-wing paramilitary groups that fueled the country's 50-year conflict before being disbanded a decade ago, prosecutors said Thursday. The mayor of the port town of Turbo, William Palacio Valencia, was among those arrested. "The investigation indicates these people are linked to the Elmer Cardenas block, which was led by Freddy Rendon Herrera, alias 'The German,'" said a prosecution statement. Rendon is accused in the killings of 4,301 people during a wave of massacres and violence that swept the Uraba region in the 1990s and 2000s, when paramilitary groups waged a campaign of terror aimed at intimidating local voters. Source: AFP
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