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i haven't seen any flags anywhere for ospd (other specified personality disorder), could you make one please?
so sorry this took so long, we had to do some searching to see if there were any existing symbols for it — we ended up choosing the protea, a flower known for its diversity ; this felt most appropriate to us, though we are open to switching out the flower if anyone has other ideas or any objections.
Note: You cannot be diagnosed with this disorder, as it's not in any diagnostic manual; you would be diagnosed with Other Specified Personality Disorder instead.
Criteria from the DSM-III-R (1987):
A. A pervasive pattern of self-defeating behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The person may often avoid or undermine pleasurable experiences, be drawn to situations or relationships in which he or she will suffer, and prevent others from helping him or her, as indicated by at least five of the following:
chooses people and situations that lead to disappointment, failure, or mistreatment even when better options are clearly available
rejects or renders ineffective the attempts of others to help him or her
following positive personal events (e.g., new achievement), responds with depression, guilt, or a behavior that produces pain (e.g., an accident)
incites angry or rejecting responses from others and then feels hurt, defeated, or humiliated (e.g., makes fun of spouse in public, provoking an angry retort, then feels devastated)
rejects opportunities for pleasure, or is reluctant to acknowledge enjoying himself or herself (despite having adequate social skills and the capacity for pleasure)
fails to accomplish tasks crucial to his or her personal objectives despite demonstrated ability to do so, e.g., helps fellow students write papers, but is unable to write his or her own
is uninterested in or rejects people who consistently treat him or her well, e.g., is unattracted to caring sexual partners
engages in excessive self-sacrifice that is unsolicited by the intended recipients of the sacrifice
B. The behaviors in A do not occur exclusively in response to, or in anticipation of, being physically, sexually, or psychologically abused.
C. The behaviors in A do not occur only when the person is depressed.
Millon's subtypes:
(Millon, ed.).
About Ma/SDPD
Ma/SDPD is similar to avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, depressive / melancholic, negativistic / passive-aggressive and borderline PDs. It's part of what Millon & Bloom term the "Compliant Personality Patterns", along with OCPD, DPD & HPD.
Differential diagnoses include ongoing abuse, anxiety disorders, somatic disorders, and mood disorders.
The most common PD comorbidities with Ma/SDPD are AsPD (22.17%), Depressive / Melancholic PD (16.74%), & SzPD (12.22%). The least common was HPD (4.07%). Less than 8 percent (7.24%) had only ("pure") Ma/SDPD [much higher than those who had pure Negativistic / Passive-Aggressive, Depressive / Melancholic and Sadistic PDs] (Millon & Bloom).
Millon defines it on a spectrum from aggrieved -> masochistic (self-defeating) (Millon Personality Group); or alternatively from abused [personality type] -> aggrieved [style] -> self-defeating [disorder] (Millon). It also exists on a spectrum from self-sacrificing -> yielding -> masochistic (Millon, ed.).
Originally called masochistic PD, the name was changed to self-defeating PD in the DSM-III-R "to avoid the historic association of the term masochistic with older psychoanalytic views of female sexuality and the implication that a person with the disorder derives unconscious pleasure from suffering" (DSM-III-R). However, Millon & Bloom write that the specific name chosen is pointless, because "all personality disorders are “self-defeating.”"
Childhood trauma is a predisposing factor (DSM-III-R).
Herman argues that Ma/SDPD is a misdiagnosis of Complex PTSD, due to victim blaming and sexism (she also argues the same for Dependent and Histrionic PDs).
In the DSM-III-R it was described as being characterised by “ubiquitous self-defeating behavior such as repeatedly entering into unsatisfying and hurtful relationships, avoiding opportunities for pleasure, rejecting relationships with seemingly caring people, and repeatedly rendering ineffective reasonable efforts by others to help the person" (Coolidge & Segal).
Ma/SDPD "is a mixing or confusion of the usual pleasure-seeking drive with the pain avoidance. As a result, these individuals appear to create personal and social discomfort in their lives. Although it is often reported that they seem to feel comfortable only with guilt and shame, they are also believed to use their self-deprecation as a social strategy to gain support from others" (Millon & Bloom).
In Ma/SDPD, "the individual experiences what is emotionally painful as a means of fulfilling his or her survival aims" (Millon, ed.).
Ma/SDPD only ever appeared in the appendix of the DSM-III-R, and it was dropped because it was associated with 'feminine sexual submissiveness' (Millon, ed.).
References
Coolidge, Frederick L., & Segal, Daniel L., ‘Evolution of Personality Disorder Diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’, Clinical Psychology Review, 1998, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 585-599.
Herman, Judith Lewis, Trauma and Recovery, 2015.
Millon, Theodore, & Bloom, Caryl, The Millon Inventories, 2008.
Millon, Theodore, Disorders of Personality, 2011.
Millon, Theodore, ed., Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004.
Note: You cannot be diagnosed with this disorder, as it's not in any diagnostic manual; you would be diagnosed with Other Specified Personality Disorder instead.
Criteria from the DSM-III-R (1987):
A. A pervasive pattern of cruel, demeaning, and aggressive behavior, beginning by early adulthood, as indicated by the repeated occurrence of at least four of the following:
has used physical cruelty or violence for the purpose of establishing dominance in a relationship (not merely to achieve some noninterpersonal goal, such as striking someone in order to rob them);
humiliates or demeans people in the presence of others;
has treated or disciplined someone under their control unusually harshly, e.g., a child, student, prisoner, or patient;
is amused by, or takes pleasure in, the psychological or physical suffering of others (including animals);
has lied for the purpose of harming or inflicting pain on others (not merely to achieve some other goal);
gets other people to do what they want by frightening them (through intimidation or even terror);
restricts the autonomy of people with whom they have a close relationship, e.g., will not let spouse leave the house unaccompanied or permit teen-age daughter to attend social functions;
is fascinated by violence, weapons, martial arts, injury, or torture
B. The behavior in A has not been directed toward only one person (e.g., spouse, one child) and has not been solely for the purpose of sexual arousal (as in Sexual Sadism).
Millon's subtypes:
(Millon, ed.).
About SaPD
SaPD is similar to antisocial, negativistic / passive-aggressive, paranoid, and narcissistic PDs. It's part of what Millon & Bloom term the "Aggressive Personality Patterns", along with AsPD, NPD, & Negativistic / Passive-Aggressive PD.
Differential diagnoses include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, substance abuse, AsPD, psychotic disorders (especially with paranoid & persecutory features), and coercive sexual sadism disorder.
The most common PD comorbidities with SaPD are AsPD (36.45%), Negativistic / Passive-Aggressive PD (24.04%), & NPD (14.09%). The least common was OCPD (0.77%). Less than 1 percent (0.31%) had only ("pure") SaPD [less than those who had comorbid OCPD] (Millon & Bloom).
Millon defines it on a spectrum from assertive -> negativistic (Millon Personality Group); or alternatively from assertive [personality type] -> denigrating [style] -> sadistic [disorder] (Millon).
In the DSM-III-R it was described as being “characterized by pervasive cruel, demeaning, humiliating, and aggressive behavior directed toward others, along with a basic lack of empathy and respect for others" (Coolidge & Segal).
Millon also calls it "Aggressive Personality Disorder" (Millon & Bloom).
People with this disorder "might engage in risky behavior undaunted by danger, and [they] might be forward and inhibiting to others. This kind of person is often described as strongly opinionated, closed-minded, unbending, energetic, hardheaded, competitive, and malicious. [They] might be cold-blooded and detached from awareness of the impact of [their] own actions. Sexual energy might lead to imprudent and unseemly behavior" (Millon & Bloom).
People with SaPD are "socially aggressive and seek to dominate those around them", and "are likely to identify vulnerabilities in [people] and exploit them, producing strong fearful or painful emotional responses" (Millon & Bloom).
Not everyone with SaPD is violent, and some inflict pain by other non-physical means; "[t]he person may inflict pain or suffering by lying; for example, a woman may call her former husband and lie to him about their son's having been seriously hurt" (DSM-II-R).
"People with this disorder rarely experience depression, and their reaction to feeling abandoned is usually anger" (DSM-III-R).
SaPD is often caused by childhood trauma, especially domestic abuse (DSM-III-R). The underlying reason for symptoms is often pain avoidance; "[a]lthough sadistic individuals do seem to acquire a perverse pleasure in inflicting pain on others, the underlying motivation seems to be in their own pain avoidance by inflicting overwhelming pain on others before it can be done to them" (Millon & Bloom).
"... sadists may think of themselves as energetic, assertive, and realistic. What is dominating and callous to others is competitive and not overly sentimental to the sadist" (Millon, ed.).
SaPD only ever appeared in the appendix of the DSM-III-R, and if a person met criteria for this PD they were diagnosed with PDNOS (Coolidge & Segal).
"... it was dropped because of scientific concerns, such as the relatively low prevalence rate of the disorder in many settings. However, there were also political reasons. Physically abusive, sadistic personalities are most often male, and it was felt that any such diagnosis might have the paradoxical effect of legally excusing cruel behavior” (Millon, ed.).
References
Coolidge, Frederick L., & Segal, Daniel L., ‘Evolution of Personality Disorder Diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’, Clinical Psychology Review, 1998, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 585-599.
Millon, Theodore, & Bloom, Caryl, The Millon Inventories, 2008.
Millon, Theodore, Disorders of Personality, 2011.
Millon, Theodore, ed., Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004.
Note: You cannot be diagnosed with this disorder, as it's not in any diagnostic manual; you would be diagnosed with Other Specified Personality Disorder instead.
Criteria from the DSM-IV-TR (2000):
A pervasive pattern of negativistic attitudes and passive resistance to demands for adequate performance, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four (or more) of the following:
passively resists fulfilling routine social and occupational tasks
complains of being misunderstood and unappreciated by others
is sullen and argumentative
unreasonably criticizes and scorns authority
expresses envy and resentment toward those apparently more fortunate
voices exaggerated and persistent complaints of personal misfortune
alternates between hostile defiance and contrition
Millon's subtypes:
(Millon, ed.).
About PA/NegPD
PA/NegPD is similar to histrionic, dependent, avoidant, depressive, borderline, antisocial, paranoid, masochistic, obsessive-compulsive and narcissistic PDs. It's part of what Millon & Bloom term the "Aggressive Personality Patterns", along with AsPD, NPD, & Sadistic PD.
Renamed Negativistic PD in the DSM-IV; Millon suggested renaming it “oppositional personality disorder” (Lane).
Differential diagnoses include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatic disorders, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Many children who are diagnosed with ODD will develop PA/NegPD (Millon).
The most common PD comorbidities with PA/NegPD are AvPD (22.78%), AsPD (22.64%), & Sadistic PD (15.36%). The least common was OCPD (0.94%). Less than 1 percent (0.81%) had only ("pure") PA/NEGPD [less than those who had comorbid OCPD] (Millon & Bloom).
Millon defines it on a spectrum from sceptical -> negativistic (Millon Personality Group); or alternatively from discontented [personality type] -> resentful [style] -> negativistic [disorder] (Millon).
In the first DSM, it “... consisted of three subtypes - passive-dependent type who are helpless, overly dependent, and indecisive; passive-aggressive type who express their aggressiveness through passive means like pouting, procrastination, and intentional inefficiency; and the aggressive subtype who react to frustration with irritability, temper tantrums, and overt destructive behaviours” (Coolidge & Segal).
In the DSM-II it was described as being “characterized by passivity and aggression through obstinate behavior, procrastination, stubbornness, and intentional inefficiency” (Coolidge & Segal).
The DSM focuses on its overt/external behaviours and therefore miss its "cardinal qualities"; "underlying the behavior characterizing this personality pattern are profound confusion and ambivalence about self", similar to OCPD but with different coping strategies (Millon & Bloom)
It was a Cluster C PD, but in the DSM-IV & IV-TR it was moved to the Conditions for Further Study section “[d]ue to poor reliability and questionable validity and usefulness” (Coolidge & Segal). It wasn't included in any capacity in later editions.
PA/NegPD has a long history of ‘questionable validity’, as it originated in US military documents about reluctant soldiers during WWII, and continued throughout its history in the various DSMs to have criteria that could theoretically apply to anyone (e.g. dissatisfaction with their job or “personal misfortunes”, feeling misunderstood or unappreciated, complaining too much, etc.) (Lane).
However, Millon says “[s]uch thoughts are normal, but they represent what negativists feel most of the time. To them, every request or expectation feels like a willful imposition. Meeting requests or honoring expectations feels like submission, and meeting demands feels like humiliation” (Millon, ed.).
References
Coolidge, Frederick L., & Segal, Daniel L., ‘Evolution of Personality Disorder Diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’, Clinical Psychology Review, 1998, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 585-599.
Lane, Christopher, ‘The Surprising History of Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder’, Theory & Psychology, 2009, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 55-70.
Millon, Theodore, & Bloom, Caryl, The Millon Inventories, 2008.
Millon, Theodore, Disorders of Personality, 2011.
Millon, Theodore, ed., Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004.
Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
✓ Live Streaming✓ Interactive Chat✓ Private Shows✓ HD Quality
Anya is LIVE right now
FREE
Free to watch • No registration required • HD streaming
Note: You cannot be diagnosed with this disorder, as it's not in any diagnostic manual; you would be diagnosed with Other Specified Personality Disorder instead.
Criteria from the DSM-IV-TR (2000):
A pervasive pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following:
usual mood is dominated by dejection, gloominess, cheerlessness, joylessness, unhappiness
self-concept centers around beliefs of inadequacy, worthlessness, and low self-esteem
is critical, blaming, and derogatory toward self
is brooding and given to worry
is negativistic, critical, and judgmental toward others
is pessimistic
is prone to feeling guilty or remorseful
Millon's subtypes:
(Millon, ed.).
About De/MePD
De/MePD is similar to avoidant, schizoid, masochistic / self-defeating, negativistic / passive-aggressive and borderline PDs. It's part of what Millon & Bloom term the "Reserved Personality Patterns", along with AvPD & SzPD.
Differential diagnoses include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and somatic disorders.
The most common PD comorbidities with De/MePD are AvPD (19.53%), AsPD (14.06%), & Negativistic / Passive-Aggressive PD (13.02%). The least common was HPD (1.82%). Less than 6 percent (5.34%) had only ("pure") De/MePD [much higher than people with pure Ne/PAPD or SaPD] (Millon & Bloom).
Millon defines it on a spectrum from pessimistic -> depressive (melancholic) (Millon Personality Group); or alternatively from dejected [personality type] -> forlorn [style] -> depressive [disorder] (Millon).
"The depressive and masochistic are so similar that some authors view them as a single constellation" (Millon, ed.).
In the DSM-IV-TR it was described as being “characterized by a pervasive pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors, low self-esteem, brooding, and pessimism." (Coolidge & Segal).
"Always in a dejected and gloomy mood, they see themselves as inadequate and worthless. They submerge themselves in criticism for even minor shortcomings and tend to blame themselves when things go wrong. A pervasive pessimism leads them to anticipate the worst - to expect that life will always go wrong and never improve. Their days are spent brooding and worrying, ignoring the good and dwelling on the bad. Saturated with guilt, they wish that life could be different, but instead of taking the initiative, they berate themselves for missed opportunities and feel powerless to change their destiny. Such individuals may indeed be depressed, but their depression emerges from a way of thinking, feeling, and perceiving - a depressive personality" (Millon, ed.).
De/MePD only ever appeared in the appendix of the DSM-IV & IV-TR, and it was dropped because it was "controversial whether the distinction between depressive personality disorder and Dysthymic [Persistent] Disorder [was] useful" (DSM-IV-TR).
However, "many dysthymics did not meet criteria for depressive personality. [...] In fact, the proportion of those with depressive personality disorder who had never met criteria for dysthymia was high", indicating that De/MePD is likely a separate disorder from persistent & major depressive disorders (Millon, ed.).
References
Coolidge, Frederick L., & Segal, Daniel L., ‘Evolution of Personality Disorder Diagnoses in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders’, Clinical Psychology Review, 1998, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 585-599.
Millon, Theodore, & Bloom, Caryl, The Millon Inventories, 2008.
Millon, Theodore, Disorders of Personality, 2011.
Millon, Theodore, ed., Personality Disorders in Modern Life, 2004.
