"Well, life is a constant struggle between being an individual and being a member of the community."
[REVIEW] Teen Novel from a Diverse Perspective - The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie
Image credit: Ellen Forney (illustrator)
Awards and Accolades
2007 National Young Adult People's Literature Book Award
2008 American Indian Youth Picture Book Literature Award
2009 Odyssey Award
Related Media
In an interview with Big Think, Sherman Alexie answers questions about his past, his present as a writer, poet, novelist, and screenwriter, and the future of his work.
Plot Synopsis
Sherman Alexie's 2007 novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, is exactly what you'd expect--a dramatized recount of a critical moment in his childhood. This quasi-biography stars Arnold "Junior" Spirit and depicts the time he left the Spokane Reservation in Wellpinit, Washington, at fifteen years old. Well, he didn't exactly eave or run away entirely. Instead, he transferred to the local white school in Reardon, Washington. He began the school year like every other year: on the rez with his best friend, Rowdy. Born with hydrocephalus, Junior was always expected to be weak. While he wasn't exactly the strongest or biggest kid on the rex, he was admired for his humor, wits, and intelligence. He still gets bullied quite frequently, but burly and fearless Rowdy is always there to protect him. Junior sees the perils of living on the rez--abuse, alcoholism, death, and poverty--and assumes that's all there is to life. That changes when one of his teachers has a conversation with him about how much more the world has to offer, if only Junior were brave enough to leave. After that, Junior decides that he actually is brave enough to leave, and he ends up at Reardon High School for the rest of the school year.
At first, he's treated like an outsider. Students and even teachers spew veiled racist insults at him. He's the only Indian kid at school, and everyone makes sure he knows it. Despite the adversity, Junior slowly makes friends with the white kids by showing them how tough, smart, and caring he really is. He even tries out for the school basketball team and makes varsity as a freshman! He has his friends, hobbies, and even a girlfriend (kind of) at Reardon. Back home on the rez, he becomes a social pariah. Rowdy is angry that Junior switched schools. His old friends avoid him. Things get even worse when tragedy strikes Junior's family. He blames himself for it--he must have cursed his family by leaving the rez. But, in spite of these tragedies, he makes the most of the rest of the school year. After all, he proved to everyone--the Indians, the white kids, and himself--that he's capable of anything.
Review
Sherman Alexie's novel brings the reader right into the life of a member of the Spokane tribe, a perspective not often considered in mainstream media. It shows that all teenagers, regardless of background, experience similar struggles--fitting in, making friends, dealing with bullies, and worrying about the future. However, it also enlightens the reader on challenges faced by American Indians--racism, alcoholism, poverty, and generational trauma. Through the perspective of Junior, Alexie artfully navigates the impacts of systemic, interpersonal, and internalized racism on the achievement of teens of color. His story serves as an example of how truly complex it can feel to be successful in spite of such adversity. While heavy topics are discussed, Alexie's novel is full of humor and wit, which are communicated not only through text but through cartoon illustrations as well. It softens the overall tone of the novel, making it approachable to all teens--regardless of background.
Credit
Alexie, S. (2007). The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian. Little, Brown, and Company.
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This TED talk features the author of the previous article, Tara Houska, and for eleven minutes she dominates the stage, telling us what we can do to help change the conversation surrounding indigenous peoples, her experience of the Standing Rock protests, and her efforts of preserving and protecting the cultural identity that was beaten out of her ancestors. In regards to the government’s neglect of indigenous rights, she says, “When you aren’t viewed as real people, it’s a lot easier to run over your rights” (2:28). This video is so important not only to document one of the perspectives of the horrific events of Standing Rock but also serves as a loud and clear message of how settler colonialism and the U.S. government is and has been trying to oppress indigenous peoples for hundreds of years, and despite their actions, these peoples have proved themselves to be resilient.Â
TED. “The Standing Rock resistance and our fight for indigenous rights.” Youtube, 30 April 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD3-6JIUF7M.
Anishinaabe artist Jim Denomie’s painting depicts the attack dogs that were let loose upon protestors at Standing Rock in a more demonic manner, and one of the men wears a shirt with the Cleveland Indians’ mascot on it. The background of the painting features an American flag flying proudly from a bulldozer, the cherry on top of a painting that taps into the racialized violence at Standing Rock.
Denomie, Jim. “Dog Day Afternoon,” 2018.Â
Regan, Sheila. “An Indigenous Artist Captures the Racial Violence at Standing Rock.” Hyperallergic, 7 February 2019, https://hyperallergic.com/482973/jim-denomie-standing-rock-paintings-bockley-gallery/.
Charles Rencountre is pictured with LaDonna Brave Bull, alongside his statue Not Afraid to Look, that he completed in October 2016 on a hill above the Sacred Stone campsite. The statue is based on a Lakota effigy pipe from the mid-nineteenth century called Not Afraid to Look the Whiteman in the Face.
Chaisson, Clara. “A Statue at Standing Rock Sends a Powerful Message of Resistance.” NRDC, 23 November 2016, https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/statue-standing-rock-sends-powerful-message-resistance.
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Gregg Deal talks about stereotypes, indigenous art being informed by a Western buyers’ market, and how even the most gruesome stories of indigenous culture matter whether or not non-Natives want them to. In regards to our perspectives of important American figures who were actually responsible for wrongdoings towards Natives, he says, “When we omit things from history, then we immediately give value to those things.” (5:15) He ends the talk hoping he has shared new stories, shocking stories with the audience, and that if they choose to do nothing with the information they have been given regarding indigenous history and culture, they are complicit in the actions of those who came before them.
TEDx Talks. “Indigenous In Plain Sight | Gregg Deal | TEDxBoulder.” Youtube, 26 June 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s3FL9uhTH_s.
“Under capitalism, neither Democrat nor Republican can save Indigenous lands or Black and Indigenous lives. The continuation of state-sanctioned racial terror against Black and Native people, from police violence to energy development, from one administration to the next demonstrates only radical change in the form of decolonization, the repatriation of stolen lands and stolen lives, can undo centuries of settler colonialism.”
Nick Estes
Another quote from Nick Estes’ Our History Is the Future: Standing Rock versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the Long Tradition of Indigenous Resistance, it articulates that for any real change to happen, it must occur through decolonization, which is highly unlikely since settler colonialism has been deeply ingrained in our state for hundreds of years.
Estes, Nick. Our History Is the Future: Standing Rock versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the Long Tradition of Indigenous Resistance. Verso, 2019.
This work alludes to the number of treaties and agreements that have been broken by the government. The image is rather disturbing, and the text references the number of men, women, and children that were massacred during Wounded Knee (300+). This piece, although created some thirteen years before the events at Standing Rock, strangely mirrors the horrific events and cruelty that occurred.Â
Longfish, George. “Winter Still-Life Landscape, S. Dakota,” 2003.