#nano scale

"Beams of light that can be guided into corkscrew-like shapes called optical vortices are used today in a range of applications. Pushing the limits of structured light, Harvard applied physicists in the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) report a new type of optical vortex beam that not only twists as it travels but also changes in different parts at different rates to create unique patterns. The way the light behaves resembles spiral shapes common in nature."

"In a peculiar twist, the researchers found that their orbital angular momentum-carrying beam of light grows in a mathematically recognizable pattern found all over the natural world. Mirroring the Fibonacci number sequence (made famous in The Da Vinci Code), their optical rotatum propagates in a logarithmic spiral that is seen in the shell of a nautilus, the seeds of a sunflower, and the branches of trees."

"The research builds on previous work in which the team used a metasurface, a thin lens etched with light-bending nanostructures, to create a light beam with controlled polarization and orbital angular momentum along its propagation path, converting any input of light into other structures that change as they move. Now, they've introduced another degree of freedom to their light, in which they can also change its spatial torque as it propagates."

Current Trends of “Nanotechnology” in Pharmaceutical

by Mr. Rajesh Dumpala | Mr. Chirag Patil "Current Trends of “Nanotechnology” in Pharmaceutical"

Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021,

URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38414.pdf

Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/38414/current-trends-of-“nanotechnology”-in-pharmaceutical/mr-rajesh-dumpala

callforpaperchemistry, chemistryjournal, openaccessjournalofchemistry

“(...) the researchers confined small magnetic whirls, so-called skyrmions, in geometric structures. Skyrmions can be created in thin metal films and have particle-like properties: They exhibit high stability and are repelled from each other and from specially prepared walls. Experiments and accompanying computer simulations showed that the mobility of skyrmions within these geometric structures depends massively on their arrangement. In triangles, for example, three, six, or ten skyrmions arranged like bowling pins are particularly stable.”

Review about Development from Nanotechnology to Nano-Engineering by Said S E H Elnashaie* in Crimson Publishers: Peer Reviewed Material Science Journals

The world is presently witnessing the advancement and development of a new multidisciplinary technology, “Nanotechnology”. The concepts that seeded nanotechnology was first discussed in 1959 by renowned physicist Feynman [1] in his talk.

By  Arjuwan Lakkdawala

Incomprehensible  to  an  unfamiliar  mind,  but  what  Nanotechnology  has revealed,  is  the  fundamental  building  blocks  of  everything  on  earth.

Scientists  have  discovered  how  to  manipulate  matter  on  an  atomic  level. To  put  it  in  simple  words  Nanotechnology/Nanoscience  is  doing  practically everything  in  science  that  we  know  now,  but  on  a  Nano  scale.

It  is  a  quantum  realm  and  description  in  the  classic  Newtonian  physics  is not  possible,  because  pure  quantum  mechanics  is  at  work  in  the manipulation  of  atoms  and  molecules.

How  have  scientists  managed  to  reach  this  atomic  level  is  probably  the most  futuristic  advancement  of  science.

The  scanning  tunneling  microscope  (STM)  glides  over  the  surface  of atoms  and  makes  a  computation  of  the  structure  of  the  surface  atom  by atom.

The  microscope  started  the  process  of  the  modern  Nanotechnology.

Ultra  precision  machining  through  Nanotech,  has  made  the  possibilities very  wide  to  where  it  can  be  applied,  and  highly  progressive.  

One  nanometer  is  one  billionth  of  a  meter.   At  this  distance  between  the surface  being  scanned  and  the  tip  of  the  special  microscope,  the  atoms can  be  manipulated.

To  provide  a  better  and  accurate  description.  What  happens  is  that  the  electrons  rapidly  moving  in  the  nucleus  of  the  atom,  making  an  electrical  cloud,  can  sometimes  fly  out  of  it  to  another  nearby  atom. This  electron  transfer  is  known  as  the  “tunnel  effect.”

It’s  essential  to  note  here  that  electrons  don’t  orbit  in  an  atom  in  a  fixed  manner,  but   rather  are  everywhere  at  once  zooming.

The  microscope  by  having  a  stronger  electron  flow  from  its  tip  can gauge  out  the  attracted  atoms,  hence  changing  the  surface  on  the atomic  level.

Through  this  atomic  level  engineering.  Scientists,  engineers,  and physicists  are  trying  apply  its  benefits  in  many  areas:  biology,  industries, medicine, robotics, chemistry,  etc.

Author  of  the  book  ‘Supramoleculer  Chemistry’  Jean-Marle  LEHN,  Nobel  Prize  Chemistry,  from  the  Louis  Pasteur University  in  France.

Says  that  matter  self-assembles,  and  that  this  could be  used  to  find inexpensive  ways  of  working  with  changing  the  atomic structure,  as  well as  learning  the  fundamental  principles  of  how  life  was created.    

Copyright ©Arjuwan Lakkdawala 2015

Watch  the  video  below  to  see  the  top  10  amazing  things  that  scientists  can  presently  do  with  Nanotechnology.

A 1 cent coin is bigger than a 5 pence coin but smaller than a 1 pence coin...

...So the 3D printed object next to that 1 cent coin is pretty small. Smaller object have been printed with resin (plastic), but this is made with metals.

Layer heights go less than 5 micrometers (0.005 mm), and the pre-sintering material particles are even smaller, so small you can breathe them in. Which is bad because they are highly reactive.