#lysosome

Here's some more old art lol! This was for a biology project earlier this year. It was about organelles. Some of it may not be 100% accurate but I got a 100! so that's all that counts :'>

IT WAS MY EXCUSE TO DRAW CUTE GIRLS IN CAMOUFLAGE AND MAKE DOOMED YURIs 😭😭😭😭😭😭😭

This is the NONEXHAUSTIVE and NONSCIENTIFIC summary of the buzzwords associated with each condition: 

Tay-Sachs - earlier in the pathway compared to Niemann, so no hepatosplenomegaly. 

Gaucher - lipid laden macrophages that look like tissue paper, fractures  

Krabbe - globoid cells 

Niemann-Pick - sphingomyelinase. foam cells. 

Fabry - skin problems (”reddish-black papules on the abdomen and scrotum”), paraesthesia, heart problems (murmur, ecg, cxr)

Metachromic Leukodystrophy - ataxia. cells that stain differently (hence metachromic)

And then there’s 

Hurler Syndrome - corneal clouding present 

Hunter’s syndrome - NO eye problems (aka no corneal clouding); iduronate sulfatase, but has “pearly, papular skin eruptions”, hyperactive, aggressive 

Fig. 4. Overexpression of LGP85 does not cause enlargement of lysosome, but results in formation and accumulation of the late endosome-lysosome hybrid organelle. To label lysosomes, COS cells were incubated with Texas-Red dextran for 4 hours and chased for 20 hours. After that, cells were transiently transfected with LGP85 and fixed at 12 (A-C), 24 (D-F), and 36 (G-I) hours after transfection, followed by staining for LGP85 (A,D,G, green). Cells were visualized by confocal microscopy. The right columns show the merged images of LGP85 (green) and dextran (red). Bars, 20 μm.

Under the Radar

The bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, which can cause listeriosis when ingested in contaminated foods, has long been studied as a model system for understanding bacterial infections, yet it still has secrets to reveal. While the bacteria are widely-distributed in the environment, there is a paradoxically low incidence of the disease, and the incubation period can be very long. Recent evidence that L. monocytogenes can cause asymptomatic infections, difficult to detect, may help explain these phenomena. During a typical Listeria infection (pictured, with the bacteria in red), the pathogens travel along the host cell’s cytoskeleton to move within and between cells. In an asymptomatic phase, the bacteria find refuge in intracellular compartments known as lysosomal vacuoles, where they escape the notice of the immune system and are less affected by antibiotics. This new understanding of the disease should change the way we approach the diagnosis and treatment of Listeria infections.

Written by Emmanuelle Briolat

Image from the Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Research from Micalis Institute, Inra, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Epigénétique et Microbiologie Cellulaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France

Image copyright held by the original authors

Research published in PLOS Pathogens, November 2017