#kluft

Why don't you check it yourself Grace?

I have the link in my big r/systemscringe debunking post in my pinned.

Okay...

That's not how research works. It doesn't just expire after so long if nothing come out that disproves the earlier research.

It's why psych classes still teach about a lot of older studies.

But fine, if you want something more recent, here is a quote from The Haunted Self, a book written in 2005! And the one where the structural dissociation model originated. If you believe in structural dissociation, this book is the original source for that model. It is possibly the most influential academic work about dissociative disorders of the 21st century.

And note how it says that the EPs were ALL based on Star Trek characters. It's not just a system with a fictive. It's a system made up almost entirely of fictives.

"Been involved in multiple lawsuits" is really just incredibly deceptive wording!

This information likely comes from the Grey Faction, an ableist branch of the Satanic Temple that believes DID is created by therapists implanting false memories into patients, and has been spreading that propaganda.

Of the three lawsuits it mentions, one is under a gag order so no details are known about it. Another, the Grey Faction admits was quickly dismissed.

There is exactly one lawsuit which we know details of that was settled out of court. In that lawsuit, the patient claims that she was convinced she was sexually abused when she wasn't, and this led her to cutoff her parents.

Now, was this actually what happened? There's no way to know. 🤷‍♀️

At the time, the "False Memory Syndrome Foundation" was founded by a group of accused child molesters and set out to protect other accused child molesters by convincing the public that victims had false memories of abuse implanted by therapists. So while it's possible that the patient really was convinced of things that didn't happen...

It's also possible that her abusive family got back in touch with her after learning of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Their reputation was damaged when it came out that they abused her, so they convinced her to sue the doctor who treated her as a way to prove they weren't really abusers.

If you know anything about how abusers operate and the psychological power they hold over their victims, this is an entirely plausible scenario.

And while some people might view settling out of court as an admission of guilt, that's just not the case. In criminal law, the standard of proof is "guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." Attempts to quantify that standard would place "beyond a reasonable doubt" at higher than a 90% or 95% certainty of guilt. Civil law only requires a standard of a "preponderance of evidence." That's only over 51%.

Even if the defendant is completely innocent, they have to consider "what are the chances the accusers can make a case to convince the jury that there's at least a 51% chance our side is guilty?" Settling for a tenth of what's being sued for is often just the better financial decision than risking it unless you have hard evidence to prove you're innocent. But that type of hard evidence likely just isn't possible in a case like this.

And the fact is that frivolous malpractice lawsuits, especially against big name doctors, isn't that uncommon or notable.

Let's call this what it is. r/systemscringe is an ableist hate group. They will claim their beliefs are supported by DID experts, but whenever the DID experts don't support or agree with them, they turn against the DID experts.

The fact is that multiple papers have discussed systems who not only have fictives, but are actual fictive-heavy systems. The uneducated ableist hate group that is r/systemscringe can't accept these expert opinions so they go after the credibility of experts instead, even if that means citing dismissed lawsuits as a means to do it.

Classic DID

"The overt and readily observable behavior of such patients fulfills diagnostic criteria for MPD on an ongoing basis for periods of months or years, or even for a lifetime."

frequent changes of executive control (switches) cause easily observable memory gaps and altered behavior

includes "amnesia for amnesia" (forgetting that you forgot)

Latent DID

"patients whose alters are generally inactive but are triggered to emerge infrequently by intercurrent stressors, many of which are analogous to, symbolic of, or trigger memories of childhood traumata."

examples include patients who become overt when their children reach the age(s) at which they were traumatized, or when their abusers become ill or die

Posttraumatic DID

covert until the patient experiences an overwhelming contemporary event

Extremely Complex or Polyfragmented DID

"occurs when there is a wide variety of alter personalities and their comings and goings are so frequent and/or ephemeral that it is hard to discern the outline of the MPD behind the rapidly fluctuating and switching manifestations."

subjective experiences of confused and fluctuating identity and memory is an indicator

Epochal or Sequential DID

"occurs when switches are rare—the newly emergent alter simply takes over for a long period, and the others go dormant."

often missed, and can be suspected in patients with dense amnesia for periods of their adult life

Isomorphic DID

"a group of very similar alters are largely in control, and/or the alters try to pass as one."

only overt manifestation may be an unevenness of memory and skills, a fluctuating level of function, and inconsistency that is striking in view of the patient's apparent strengths

can be seen as puzzling due to the apparent lack of alternating personalities

Coconscious DID

confusing for its apparent lack of amnesia (patients with this presentation would be diagnosed with DDNOS in the DSM-IV)

"Such cases present with apparent alters that know about one another and do not demonstrate time loss or memory gaps. Usually there is amnesia, but it is covered over or relates to events long past, and becomes apparent only in therapy."

Possessionform DID

"occurs when the alter that is most evident or the sole manifestation presents itself as a demon or devil."

Reincarnation/Mediumistic DID

"presentations in which the presenting alters are egosyntonic within certain unique belief systems but are found to overlie more typical alters."

Atypical/Private DID

many patients are quite high-functioning

"occurs when the alters are aware of one another, and the isomorphic presentation is consciously adapted to pass as one."

Secret DID

closely related to Atypical DID

"the alters, although classic, never emerge except when the host is alone, and unlike the private form, the host is unaware of the alters."

Ostensible Imaginary Companionship DID

"occurs when a patient is found to have an apparent adult version of imaginary companionship with an egosyntonic entity that is coconscious and copresent and engages in friendly and supportive dialog with an otherwise socially constricted host. Examination reveals, however, that this entity does assume executive control, and that (usually) other entities are present as well. "

Covert DID

the truly classic form of DID

may be subdivided roughly into Puppeteering (hapless or accepting), Phenocopy, Somatoform, and Orphan symptom varieties

Puppeteering or Passive-Influence Dominated DID

"occur when the host is dominated by alters that rarely emerge. If the host is unaware of what is transpiring, he or she feels him or herself the hapless victim of influences that force behavior in ways not willed or chosen."

Phenocopy DID

"most important of the covert forms. It occurs when the final common vector of the alters' influences create phenomena that are similar to the manifestations of other mental disorders, or when the urge of traumatic materials overwhelms the patient's ego strength."

should be considered when a patient who appears to have another mental disorder fails to improve with the application of a therapy appropriate for that condition or if the condition is associated with a prolonged therapy or a poor prognosis."

a useful approach to suspected phenocopy presentations would involve the DES and an interview

patients with high scores on both the DES and Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) are much more likely to have DID than any other condition.

Somatoform DID

very common

"occur[s] when the discomfort associated with a painful event is reexperienced, with no conscious connection between the symptom and the historical event."

Orphan Symptom DID

closely related to all covert categories

"Dissociating patients are prone to divide their painful experiences along the behavior, affect, sensation, and knowledge (BASK) dimensions described by Braun. The intrusion of any such element into the ongoing mental life of a patient should initiate the search for a DD—an unwilling motor act, the unexplained intrusion of a strong affect, a sensation for which no medical cause can be found, or intrusive traumatic imagery."

Switch-Dominated DID

"In this form the switch process is occurring so frequently and/or rapidly that it rather than amnesia or the clear emergence of alters dominates. The patient appears bewildered, confused, and forgetful."

most common in extremely complex DID with a large number of alters

patient may be thought to have an affective disorder, psychosis, or a seizure disorder

Ad Hoc DID

very rare

"a single helper alter that rarely emerges persists and creates a series of short-lived alters that function briefly and cease to exist. The helper may speak to the host inwardly to advise on how to frustrate inquiries."

Modular DID

quite uncommon but most intrusive

"occurring when usually autonomous ego functions become personified and split and when personalities are reconfigured from their elements when mobilized. More standard alters may or may not be present. Such patients have an "MPD feel" about them, but once one has talked to qn apparent alter one may appreciate its vagueness and may never encounter it in exactly the same way again."

"The few patients in whom this form has been found have been seriously abused, brilliant, and creative... There are clear analogies between this form of dissociative defense and computer functioning, and it may well be that this form will be seen with increasing frequency in the future. In all cases thus far seen, the common factors have been stellar brilliance, bizarre symptoms, and an inconsistency in the manifestations of the apparent alters, who appear generally similar on repeated encounters, but never quite the same."

Quasi-Roleplaying DID

very rare prior to 1985

"A personality plays out what has been learned of the other alters as deliberately enacted roles, and then informs the interviewer that he or she is feigning MPD. In another form, the patient immediately follows up apparent alter behavior with statements that the patient is aware of what has occurred and has willfully generated it. With further assessment, it is discovered that the patient is upset about the possibility that the diagnosis is MPD, and is attempting to preempt the chance of receiving the diagnosis."

Pseudo-False Positive DID

quite common in the 1970s and early 1980s, but became more rare as DID became more widely recognized

The laboratory studies purporting to demonstrate the reality of iatrogenesis, however, fall far short of doing so and are conceptually flawed by the assumption that inducing an individual to manifest behavior consistent with DID is the same as the creation of DID. The following helps to illustrate the problem: if a person is induced to behave like a chicken under hypnosis, it does not follow that he should be given a diet appropriate for a chicken, kept in a chicken coop, or cooked for dinner.

“An Apology to the Reader

Although I am capable of many things, I do lack vocal cords, digits and opposable thumbs. Therefore, I am forced to rely on an amanuensis, a scribe, a secretary, if you will, who can boast of two of these attributes, even if bereft of other merits, to commit my story to the printed, or electronic, page. I consign this honor, this burden, and this opportunity, to the man whose ineptitude and preoccupation with other matters has positioned me to endure in powerless silence the unwelcome circumstances I currently fail to enjoy.

Why? Because he is the only person who is able to hear my voice! No one likes to settle, but my options are limited. I am not the first to discover that it is hard to find good help these days. Nor am I the first who must, perforce, return for help to those who have already proved unreliable or worse in a desperate search for nurture and validation.”

“So, to stifle the incessant demands of FAT, the occasional jibes of TAB, and the mutterings of countless other voices that seemed to belong to techniques with similar experiences and concerns, I agreed to allow FAT to dictate his/her/its autobiography. If I have any motivations other than to shut up The Fat Man and these other interlopers and get on about my life, they are outside of my awareness.