#kalka"

And a few reference sheets for @lance-fenris

Check Out Kalka to Shimla Toy Train Journey

ram, tang and phu: hold up girl we need to taLK-

On the ending of the Kalka River Battle, fought between Mongols and a coalition of Rus’ and Qipchaq-Cumans, 1223. “…and Mstislav, Knyaz of Kiev, seeing this evil [the defeat and slaughter of the Rus], never moved at all from his position; for he had taken stand on a hill above the river Kalka, and the place was stony, and there he set up a stockade of posts about him and fought with them from out of this stockade for three days. And other Tartars went after the Russian Knyazes fighting them up to the Dnieper, but two Voyevodas Tsgirkan and Teshukan(1) stopped at that stockade (fighting) against Mstislav and his son-in-law, Andrei and Olexander of Dubrovits; for these two Knyazes were with Mstislav. And there were there men in armour  with the Tartars and Voyevoda Ploskyna; and this accursed Voyevoda [Ploskyna, an individual working for the Mongols], having kissed the honourable Cross to Mstislav and to both the Knyazes to not kill them [i.e, promised to ensure their survival], but to let them go on ransom, lied, accursed one; he delivered them bound to the Tartars, and they took the stockade and slaughtered the people, and there they fell dead. And having taken the Knyazes they suffocated them having put them under boards, and themselves took seat on the top to have dinner. And thus they ended their lives.” -The Chronicle of Novgorod, Michell and Forbes translation, page 66. faculty.washington.edu/dwaugh/… (1) Stephen Pow suggests that Tsgirkan and Teshukan may have been the turkic forms of the names of Chinggis Khan and his son Jochi Khan, passed on by the Turkic speaking Qipchaq-Cumans and misinterpreted by the Rus’ as names of present commanders. To learn more about the Kalka River Battle, check out my video on it: https://youtu.be/DuYlfHujxQo

The Battle of the Kalka River (Russian: Битва на реке Калке, Ukrainian: Битва на річці Калка) was fought between the Mongol Empire—whose armies were led by Jebe and Subutai the Valiant—and a coalition of several Rus' principalities, including Kiev and Galich, and the Cumans. They were under the joint command of Mstislav the Bold and Mstislav III of Kiev. The battle was fought on May 31, 1223 on the banks of the Kalka River in present-day Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, and ended in a decisive Mongol victory.

One of the most famous victories of mighty Subutai Ba'atar,  wherein he defeated a Rus'-Cuman-Qipchap force many times larger than his own (as much as 80,000 compared to 20,000 Mongols: though the numbers are likely exaggerated, the general idea of a greatly outnumbered Mongol force is correct). Traditionally dated to May 31st, 1223, there has been debate in the past over this date, Either May or June any year from 1222-1224. The reason is due to calendar system used by the Russian chroniclers, which provide different years. However, based off the confirmed dates from the campaign in Khwarezm and Jebe and Subutai's route through the Caucasus, a date of sometime in early 1223 seems most reliable. The battle itself, is so well known it almost doesn't need repeating, but we'll do it anyways. After and 8 or 9 days pursuit east from the Dnieper river, Subutai led the enemy enemy army to the Kalka river. Over the course of the week of pursuit, the larger Rus-Cuman-Qipchap force became spread out, so by the time Subutai turned his forces to confront, he could now face only sections of the enemy rather than the entire army. His horsemen charged the leading Galician and Cuman-Qipchaq cavalry as they crossed the Kalka, sending them fleeing directly into the oncoming Rus' forces, causing confusion, ruining their formations and allowing the Mongols to destroy them. The Galician leader, Mstislav the Bold, fled fastest to the Dnieper, taking a boat to escape and cutting the rest loose, ensuring the Mongols, and no one else, could follow him. The rest who fled were thus trapped in the open steppe against the horsemen of the Great Khan. According to the Chronicle of Novgorod, only 1 in 10 men returned from this campaign. To learn more about this famous campaign, check out my video on it: youtu.be/DuYlfHujxQo