#john rain

Abstract

It is generally recognized that there are gender-related differences in children’s toy preferences. However, the magnitude of these differences has not been firmly established. Furthermore, not all studies of gender-related toy preferences find significant gender differences. These inconsistent findings could result from using different toys or methods to measure toy preferences or from studying children of different ages. Our systematic review and meta-analysis combined 113 effect sizes from 75 studies to estimate the magnitude of gender-related differences in toy preferences. We also assessed the impact of using different toys or methods to assess these differences, as well as the effect of age on gender-related toy preferences. Boys preferred boy-related toys more than girls did, and girls preferred girl-related toys more than boys did. These differences were large (d ≥ 1.60). Girls also preferred toys that researchers classified as neutral more than boys did (d = 0.29). Preferences for gender-typical over gender-atypical toys were also large and significant (d ≥ 1.20), and girls and boys showed gender-related differences of similar magnitude. When only dolls and vehicles were considered, within-sex differences were even larger and of comparable size for boys and girls. Researchers sometimes misclassified toys, perhaps contributing to an apparent gender difference in preference for neutral toys. Forced choice methods produced larger gender-related differences than other methods, and gender-related differences increased with age.

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Anyone saying that it's all just social constructions and social conditioning should be laughed at, mocked and ridiculed as if they just told you the moon is made of cheese.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1745-9133.12187

Abstract

Research Summary Race-related debates often assume that implicit racial bias will result in racially biased decisions to shoot. Previous research has examined racial bias in police decisions by pressing “shoot” or “don't-shoot” buttons in response to pictures of armed and unarmed suspects. As a result of its lack of external validity, however, this methodology provides limited insight into officer behavior in the field. In response, we conducted the first series of experimental research studies that tested police officers and civilians in strikingly realistic deadly force simulators.

Policy Implications This article reports the results of our most recent experiment, which tested 80 police patrol officers by applying this leading edge method. We found that, despite clear evidence of implicit bias against Black suspects, officers were slower to shoot armed Black suspects than armed White suspects, and they were less likely to shoot unarmed Black suspects than unarmed White suspects. These findings challenge the assumption that implicit racial bias affects police behavior in deadly encounters with Black suspects.

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Pioggio nera su Tokyo by Barry Eisler My rating: 4 of 5 stars So che potrà farvi ridere questa cosa, ma questo libro quindici anni fa mi fece riscoprire il piacere della lettura. Non ricordo esattamente il perché, ma ricordo di essere entrato in una libreria, aver visto la copertina e senza alcun motivo, avevo diciassette anni e non leggevo un libro da un bel po', averlo comprato. L'avevo letto in un paio di giorni. I miei genitori non capivano cosa fosse successo, io neppure. Non è un Classico, è lontano dall'essere un capolavoro, è un libro che poca gente conosce, semplice, con una trama abbastanza scontata. Ma c'è un protagonista meraviglioso, affascinante, indimenticabile. John Rain non ha più abbandonato la mia vita da quel giorno di quindici anni fa. Siamo quasi in doppia cifra con i romanzi scritti da Eisler, si sono aggiunti personaggi e parecchie storie parallele. E quando sono bloccato, stufo o semplicemente non so cosa leggere, riprendo in mano le gesta di John Rain e sprofondo nel suo meraviglioso mondo.

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Barry Eisler talks about Keanu Reeves and John Rain (podcast) from 12min mark to 16.15