#ilustrado

Mafalda, 60 aniversario

Gabriel García Márquez, ilustrado

Fundación Cultural Providencia

“My family has never been patriotic for the money. If the government has plenty of funds and does not know what to do with them, it’s better to reduce the taxes.”

— Teodora’s reply to the American colonial government when offered a lifetime pension after the declaration of her son as the national hero

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos (November 9, 1827 – August 16, 1911) was a wealthy woman from Spanish colonial Philippines, and was the mother of Philippine national hero José Rizal, among others.

Teodora was born in Tondo, Manila as the youngest child of Lorenzo Alberto Alonso, a capitan municipal, and Brigida de Quintos. The daughter of well-off Creole parents, she was soon sent to study at the Colegio de Santa Rosa, where she learned both the arts and sciences.

At the age of twenty, she married Francisco Rizal Mercado, a wealthy merchant hailing from Biñán, Laguna, and soon after, the couple settled in Calamba, where their eleven children would eventually grow up. Teodora would become in charge of the upkeep of her husband’s trading goods, such as rice, corn, and sugar, aside from her own trade in clothing and flour. She also personally oversaw the education of all her children, becoming their first teacher before they set out to formal institutions.

In 1871, when elder son Paciano was being closely watched by the authorities for being the sacristan of the executed priest Father José Burgos, she would be imprisoned for false accusations of trying to poison her brother’s wife. She was made to walk 50 km to Santa Cruz, where she would remain imprisoned for two and a half years, after the Governor-General ordered a re-examination of the case, after which she was acquitted of all charges.

During the peak of the Propaganda movement, the families of the propagandists would be persecuted, and the Dominican friars would force the Rizals to leave Calamba. In addition, the aging Teodora would again be imprisoned for carrying a cedula with her maiden name instead of her married surname.

Teodora would eventually petition the Governor-General to pardon her younger son José, imprisoned for rebellion, sedition, and conspiracy. It was to no avail, as José would be executed before dawn at Bagumbayan on the 30th of December 1896, two years before the Revolutionary Government would proclaim independence from Spain.

Surgery

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*WARNING* MAY CONTAIN UNADULTERATED CONTENT

“Ilustrado (Revolutionary Oath)(UNCUT) by Dee Novales 🔊 🚨 *LYRIC VIDEO* 🚨