Because I haven’t done a French post in a while, I’ve put together a list of basic rules and grammar terminology for everyone studying French, whether you’re completely new to the language or want to recap! Some of the rules and terminology explained here can also be applied to other languages
Terminology
Subject - the person or thing performing the action being described
Verb Conjugation - when the verb changes grammatically to agree with the subject (see above)
Articles - context for a noun (example: ‘the’ or ‘a’)
Definite Articles - used only with specific nouns
Indefinite Articles - used only with unspecified, countable nouns
Partitive Articles - used only for a quantity of something uncountable
Elison - the removal of a vowel sound in order to avoid consecutive vowel sounds
Contraction (not the child birth kind) - when one word is made from combining two words
aspirate - consonant
non-aspirate - vowel
‘etre on train de’ - to be in the process of. Sometimes used in place of a specialized continuous verb if appropriate, because French doesn't have those. An idiomatic phase.
Idiomatic phase - language where the meaning is different from the meaning of the words in the expression
conjunction - when two or more phases, clauses or words are joined together
preposition - shows the relationship between the noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence
aimer - to love when referring to people or pets, but only to like if referring to anything else
aimer bien - always to like
adorer - always to love, but definitely more sexy. Not for pets, or your mum.
Rules
French has two genders: masculine and feminine
articles (see above) must agree with their gender and number
a word can elide (see above) if it is followed by a vowel. Examples: je, me, te, se, ce, ne, de and que
the letter H is always silent
When H starts a word however, it can be treated as an aspirate or non-aspirate (see above)
plural nouns and adjectives often (but not always) end in ‘s’, which is usually silent
‘Tu’ (see below in personal subject pronouns) is for friends, peers, relatives and people familiar to you
‘Vous’ (see below, personal subject pronouns) is for people you’ve just met, formal relationships and plurals. Its kind of the default, as it is the more respectful form.
pronouns, articles and adjectives must agree with their nouns in gender and number!!!!
there are two present tenses: simple and continuous
French does not have specialized continuous verb tenses (see above)
Examples (feel free to save and use!)
Personal Subject Pronouns
Subject Verb Agreement
Articles
Plurals
And Lastly!
Thank you so much for checking out this post, I really hope you find it useful. Please let me know if you need any help understanding any of this or would like anything clarified further! I also want to add a small disclaimer: the cheat sheets and header (including the artwork) is all my own.
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Selon l'OIF, le nombre de francophones (dans sa définition « sachant lire et écrire le français » mais excluant arbitrairement ceux sachant juste le parler car ces statistiques sont difficiles à obtenir) dans le monde ne cesse d'augmenter et estime aujourd'hui leur nombre à environ 220 millions, et bien plus sachant juste le parler.
Pour le français, on estime à 220 millions de francophones si l'on ne retient que ceux qui ont un bon niveau écrit et oral, mais à 900 millions si l'on prend en compte tous ceux qui ont un niveau élémentaire
Deux pays du G8 sont francophones (France et Canada), trois villes francophones que sont Bruxelles, Genève et Strasbourg sont au cœur d'institutions internationales (Siège de l'UE pour Bruxelles, 22 organisations internationales et plus de 250 ONG pour Genève dont la Croix-Rouge, Conseil et Parlement Européen pour Strasbourg).
Pays membres de l'organisation internationale de la francophonie: 57 états membres et 20 observateurs.
((A côté de ça, le Commonwealth comprend 53 états))
Qui a dit que plus personne n'apprenait le français dans le monde?
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After some time embracing the French dream, I realised that the French etiquette and rules are VERY IMPORTANT for les francais. They should must be lawfully abided by the French, foreigners and anyone walking the French rues, boulevards, avenues and country roads in order to avoid any dubious looks from oncoming passersby.
Learning a language is not only about learning direct translations but learning a culture: what to say, how to say it and when to say it. Learning the French etiquette et le savoir vivre is a complexed and detailed piece of art, like everything in France. The French call this the art of living.
First is learning the l'importance de politesse and having the upmost respect for the French culture.
It is crucial to say 'Bonjour Monsieur' every time you greet and ensure that you always add the 'Monsieur' or 'Madame'. Always shake and hands on first meeting. DO NOT on any occasion faire les biz (kissing on both cheeks) to someone who is older than you and whom you meet for the first time. This also applies on a professional level. However there are occasions that you faire les biz. This depends on a number of unknown 'secret' French rules that you will know unless you are French. Leaving the rest of us guessing? Great!
Tutoyer or Vouvoyer?
Always use the 'Vous' form to the same group of people until being told that you can use the 'tu' form. Do not smile at passersby in the street. Do not have eye contact with other passengers in the métro. Do not speak, keep silent with no expression on your face. You have to pretend to be emotionless in public, keeping up appearances.
In the beginning I felt suppressed. I couldn't understand how the French could lead such silent lives. Little did I know that this was the becoming of me...
