Being one of the best Topographic surveying companies in UAE, Takhteet Survey follows the highest standards for Land surveying services.
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Being one of the best Topographic surveying companies in UAE, Takhteet Survey follows the highest standards for Land surveying services.

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Takhteet Survey offers precise underground surveys for your projects with the right equipment and planning.
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Engineering Survey
Here in BSGPL we conduct all kinds of Engineering Survey such as Topographical Survey of land, Road, Rail. For GIS Mapping we conduct GPS and DGPS Survey. For Telecom Network we are specialized in conducting OFC (Optical Fibre Cable) route survey. For Electrical lines (Both HT & LT) our specialized team conducts Transmission survey. In a word our Engineering Survey Team can take up any challenges to provide value added services to our esteemed customers.
In this article we discuss what are the methods of linear measurements in direct surveying and how are they carried out?
Surveying is a vital and preliminary part of any construction project. It involves examining and recording the characteristics of the designated area or a certain piece of land, so that a map, plan or detailed description of it can be furnished.
It involves measuring work, mostly, and the linear measurements, that is, measuring the straight-line distance between point A and point B, can be carried out via three main ways: Direct, Electromagnetic or Optical. We will talk about the direct method today, which basically is employing some physical instrument like a chain or string or tape measure to gauge the distance between two points.
Surveyors may use the following ways to directly measure a linear distance: Pacing, Passometer, Pedometer, Odometer, Chaining. Let us discuss them in detail below.
1. Pacing Method: Pacing is the most ancient and basic ways of measuring a linear distance in surveying. It involves walking in a straight path from point A to point B and counting the steps, and then multiplying the number of steps by the average step length.
Generally, the average step length is taken as 80 cm or in some places, 2.5 feet. However, the surveyor must learn to keep his step length as close to the average as possible via practice if s/he were to employ this method in direct surveying.
Needless to say, this method can be fairly inaccurate. Even by good practice, some 1% error margin cannot be negated. Also it can get tiring and the error margin increases with longer distances. Also if the ground is uneven or sloped, the paces will inevitably vary. Thus the Pacing method is best reserved for use when you’re doing basic reconnaissance and/or lacking proper measurement tools.
2. Passometer Method: This is an electronics-assisted upgrade on the pacing method. The Passometer is an electromechanical portable device, which can sense the body’s rhythmic movements and calculate the number of steps taken while walking or running. Similar to pacing method, the distance is calculated by the number of paces shown in the passometer and the average length of the surveyor’s strides.

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This construction video tutorial is very useful for land surveyor. The tutorial sheds light on the rise and fall table in land surveying.
This construction video tutorial is very useful for land surveyor. The tutorial sheds light on the rise and fall table in land surveying. Get some useful tricks to resolve the rise and fall table.
Rise and fall method is applied to resolve the levelling to detect the variation in elevation and elevation of points..
By resolving this table, it is possible to work out the reduced level of each point captured at staff rod with leveling machine. In order to work out the reduced level of an individual point, it is necessary to compute the rise and fall of points. After that, for reduced level, the following formula is applied :-
new R.L = old R.L – Fall new R.L = old R.L + Rise
The table contains various heads like number, B.S (back sight), I.S (inter sight), F.S (fore sight), Rise, Fall, R.L (reduced level) and remarks.
B.S - Back sight (BS) is the abbreviation for "back sight reading". It means the first staff reading captured by the surveyor as soon as the levelling instrument is arranged and levelled. B.S is normally captured on the point of known reduced level as on the benchmark or a change point. The normally applied datum is mean sea level.
Fore sight (FS) is the abbreviation for "fore sight reading". It means the last staff reading captured prior to modify the instrument to the other position. It refers to the staff reading captured on point whose RL is to be ascertained. This sight is treated as negative and assumed from Height of Instrument to find out RL of the point.
Reduced Level (RL) in surveying stands for equating elevations of survey points relating to a common assumed datum. It refers to a vertical distance among survey point and selected datum plane. Therefore, it is taken as the base elevation that is applied as reference to consider heights or depths of other important places.
To get more detailed information, watch the following video tutorial.
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