#disc diffusion

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the major groups of secondary compounds of Calpurnia aurea and evaluate the antibacterial activity of their crude extracts against specific bacterial strains as (Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus). Fresh leaves and bark of Calpurnia aurea were randomly collected from the Hosanna district in southern Ethiopia. Extraction of the sample was done by using ethanol and phytochemical analysis was carried out using a standard protocol and the contents of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric. The antibacterial effectiveness of extracts was examined against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from leaves and bark revealed of inhibition against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. The average suppression zone in the diameter range was between 11.8 and 17.4 millimeters ethanolic leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea showed significant inhibition zones in Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Dimethyl sulfoxide used as a negative control showed no activity. This study depicts the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals associated with Calpurnia aurea leaves and bark. Ethanol extract showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that the ethanol extract of Calpurnia aurea has an antibacterial activity on the test pathogens for the pathogen used in the current study. Further research on total microorganisms is needed.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the major groups of secondary compounds of Calpurnia aurea and evaluate the antibacterial activity of their crude extracts against specific bacterial strains as (Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureus). Fresh leaves and bark of Calpurnia aurea were randomly collected from the Hosanna district in southern Ethiopia. Extraction of the sample was done by using ethanol and phytochemical analysis was carried out using a standard protocol and the contents of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric. The antibacterial effectiveness of extracts was examined against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from leaves and bark revealed of inhibition against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. The average suppression zone in the diameter range was between 11.8 and 17.4 millimeters ethanolic leaf extract of Calpurnia aurea showed significant inhibition zones in Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Dimethyl sulfoxide used as a negative control showed no activity. This study depicts the presence of phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals associated with Calpurnia aurea leaves and bark. Ethanol extract showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that the ethanol extract of Calpurnia aurea has an antibacterial activity on the test pathogens for the pathogen used in the current study. Further research on total microorganisms is needed.

Solanum scabrum Mill is widely cultivated for consumption as a leafy vegetable, for medicinal purposes and as a source of income. Its productivity is faced with many challenges as farmers in Kenya have been recording low yield ranging between 1-3 tones/ha due to low soil fertility, pests and diseases. Bacterial leaf spot disease caused by Xanthomona scampestris pv vesicatoria accounts for 40-70% loss of yield of Solanum species including Solanum scabrum. The disease is controlled by application of synthetic chemicals which have adverse environmental effect. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of water and ethanol extracts from B. pilosa and E. hirta on Xanthomona scampestris pv vesicatoria. Leaves and roots of Bidenspilosa and Euphorbiahirta were obtained dried and used to make different treatments for water and ethanol extracts. Disc diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Extracts from B. pilosa and E. hirta leaves and roots significantly inhibited the growth of Xc. pvvesicatoria. Euphorbia hirta extract was more effective than B. pilosa extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth. Root extracts had higher antimicrobial activity compared to leaf extracts. Higher concentrations for both water extract (100%) and ethanol extract (200mg/ml) significantly inhibited growth of Xc. pv vesicatoria than other lower concentration. The results obtained confirmed the use of B. pilosa and E. hirta in control of plant pathogens.

Solanum scabrum Mill is widely cultivated for consumption as a leafy vegetable, for medicinal purposes and as a source of income. Its productivity is faced with many challenges as farmers in Kenya have been recording low yield ranging between 1-3 tones/ha due to low soil fertility, pests and diseases. Bacterial leaf spot disease caused by Xanthomona scampestris pv vesicatoria accounts for 40-70% loss of yield of Solanum species including Solanum scabrum. The disease is controlled by application of synthetic chemicals which have adverse environmental effect. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of water and ethanol extracts from B. pilosa and E. hirta on Xanthomona scampestris pv vesicatoria. Leaves and roots of Bidenspilosa and Euphorbiahirta were obtained dried and used to make different treatments for water and ethanol extracts. Disc diffusion technique was used to determine antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Extracts from B. pilosa and E. hirta leaves and roots significantly inhibited the growth of Xc. pvvesicatoria. Euphorbia hirta extract was more effective than B. pilosa extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth. Root extracts had higher antimicrobial activity compared to leaf extracts. Higher concentrations for both water extract (100%) and ethanol extract (200mg/ml) significantly inhibited growth of Xc. pv vesicatoria than other lower concentration. The results obtained confirmed the use of B. pilosa and E. hirta in control of plant pathogens.