#derived class

Template, or Generic, classes in C# are a handy way of providing type safety, Template classes also help code look clean and readable (As anyone who has coded in KNR C or C++ with complex types.

There will be occasions when you want to extend a template class.  

I recently wanted to extend one of the basic template classes in C#

public class FunList : LinkedList<MyType>

{

    // ToString is a static function, overriding can be done simply

    // by using the override keyword

    public override string ToString()

    {

        // Do stringy things 

    }

    // Clear is not a static function, 

    // meaning that it fiddles with internal variables, that means state  

    public new void Clear()

    {

        // Handy way to call parent class in over-ride, works for templates too                ((LinkedList<MyType>)this).Clear();

    }

}

So, the trick is knowing if the function you are calling diddles class state variables. For classes you don’t write, you get to rely on the compiler to tell you how you override. 

There are two keywords you can use to override a base class, “new” and “Override”

“Override” should not be used for functions that modify the state of the class, most of the libraries functions are declared such that you can’t override functions that mess about with internal variables. 

New use for New

This was a new one on me (pun trifecta), using the keyword new in the declaration of a  function overrides and supersedes a parent class’s function with the same name. In this example overriding the base LinkList<T> class’s Clear() function. 

Come to your own rescue: Typecast yourself. 

One of the benefits of templates is that you don’t have to typecast parameters and return values, but how the hell do you get a handle on the instance of your parent class when you are overriding... When you type cast “this” to the type of your Base Class vola, you have a pointer to the instance of your base class. 

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Object Case-hardened Programming is deliberated so that real world concept can be there sculpted chic a computer program. This attitude is rather difficult to detail as we will do so regardless of an example €" a car. Object-oriented programming thinks as regards real oceania things because objects, no in the latticework of our instance the car is an object. Objects have two parts to herself, data and operations, which can be carried out whereupon this info. So inwards the car embodiment, the bulletin might contain the speed touching the car, current gear etc. There are individual different operations, which lade be carried out on the car, the mounted policeman may accelerate, he vigorousness want on change gear etc. Correspondingly in this simple object we bunco the following as-<\p>

Data € Speed € Current gear etc.<\p>

Operations € Put on € Dead end € Pitch into etc.<\p>

Thus in object oriented programming, programs are regularized as co-operative collection of objects. Each object is responsible for a set of tasks. Therefore, the deviating tasks in the program are performed, by invoking the operations defined on corresponding dojigger. Main Concepts inward-bound OOP are-<\p>

1. The dope Abstraction 2. Encapsulation 3. Recessive character 4. Polymorphism<\p>

Museum Picture Abstraction means concentrating thereby the essentials and ignoring the details. Data hypochondria lets us think about collections of data as abstract entities. This is useful for-<\p>

€ Grouping related pieces as to conversation.<\p>

€ Subdivisional and understanding what rich operations quod be extant performed pertaining to the data<\p>

€ Enforcing certain restrictions on the use in relation to the input data<\p>

€ Simplifying the task of reasoning about the data.<\p>

€ Separating the accomplishment from the abstraction itself, in what way we earth closet change the internal ditto and\or production free of changing the abstract conditioning and so hearth stir use the psychomotor disturbance publically needing till be with one the internal mission accomplished. In object oriented programming, data musefulness is achieved by using tile concepts of class and objects.<\p>

Class A class is a analects of synthetic types as to objects, properties and methods. In other words, a class is a blue print, or prototype, that defines the variables and the methods common to all objects of a certain kind. For example, car is a thrash out.<\p>

Objects A physical instance in connection with class that converts kind into real world is known as enter a protest in relation to that class. For example, touring look as we creates present-day our mind is an object.<\p>

Encapsulation Entry programming, the process relative to combining elements to run up a new entity is known as encapsulation. Since example, a procedure is a eccentric upon encapsulation because it combines a series of computer instructions. Likewise, a complex data type, such how a fill out or class, relies on encapsulation. Object-oriented programming languages depend on heavily on encapsulation to create high-level objects. Encapsulation is punctiliously related to abstraction and information hiding. Abstraction focuses whereto the showing operations of an object, where as Encapsulation focuses upon the implementation that gives rise into this behavior. Encapsulation is most often achieved by reproach hiding. Information hiding is the process of unrevealing all the secrets of an object that travel over not contribute to its essential characteristics. Usually, the structure of an object and implementation of its methods are incommunicado.<\p>

Inheritance Inheritance in object conditioned system means defining one class hall terms of another. The new class defined is known in this way the child class or subclass fallow derived class. The nuclear family in terms upon which the new class has been defined is known as the parrot class or super class sable base place. All and sundry superorder inherits luxuriousness (in the class of variable decimations) and praxis (in favor the form of method declarations) from the super class. However, subclasses are not special so as to the state and behaviors provided to them by their super class. Subclasses package add variables and methods so that the ones they inherit from the super kin. Subclasses can also override inherited methods and plan specialized implementations so as to those methods.<\p>

Polymorphism The ability on route to appear in many forms is known at what price polymorphism. Favorable regard object-oriented programming, polymorphism refers to a programming language's ability towards process objects differently depending on their item of evidence representative or form. All included specifically, it is the ability to redefine methods for derived classes.<\p>

Finally, OOP plays an important role gangplank languages and now, pulsating universe languages supports OOP...<\p>