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— Florence Harriet Rose Scott, Christian Queenship and Inauguration Rites in Early Medieval England (PhD Thesis, University of Leeds, 2024)
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Cynethryth (died after AD 798) was a Queen of Mercia, wife of King Offa of Mercia and mother of King Ecgfrith of Mercia. Cynethryth is the only Anglo-Saxon queen consort in whose name coinage was definitely issued.
Coin of Queen Cynethryth of Mercia. Circa 780 CE. Wife of King Offa of Mercia.
Cynethryth is the only Anglo-Saxon queen consort to appear on coinage, and the only queen to appear on coinage in the early Medieval West. Cynethryth appears as a witness to charters and her image on her coins closely follows examples of coins of Roman Empresses. She was likely mother to the heir of Mercia, Ecgfrith, before she began to appear on coins. She was patroness to Chertsey Abbey was was recognized in letters as queen by Pope Adrian I.
After Offa’s death, Cynethryth became Abbess of Cookham and controlled the church at Bedford where Offa was buried, maintaining authority in religious circumstances, though she took no further part in politics. Her son, Ecgfrith, died after only 141 days on the throne, leaving Cynethryth without connections to the royal house of Mercia.
Guinevak had spent the last several days walking around the city, looking at buildings, trying to tally up in her head the number of orphans she saw darting around the streets, trying to see if there was any way this half-formed idea she and Ragnelle had discussed was feasible. She wanted so badly for it to work, but she had to be practical. She had to be sure before they took it to anyone else.
Lost in her thoughts, counting up numbers, she didn’t pay much attention to the streets as she started back to the castle until she turned a corner and almost walked straight into a passerby. Taking a step backwards, an apology already on her lips, she suddenly realised she recognised the face. “Cynethryth! Forgive me, my mind was elsewhere.”
@cynethryth-y-rhyfelwr
"Please greet my lady the Queen in my humble name. I would have written her a letter of counsel if the King’s business had permitted her to read it. Let her rest assured that I am as faithful to her ladyship as I can be."
— Alcuin about Cynethryth, Queen of Mercia, written to a nun at the court of King Offa (c. 786/7) / Stefany Wragg, Early English Queens, 650-850: Speculum Reginae (Lives of Royal Women)
"Alcuin’s letter is brief but reveals the queen [Cynethryth of Mercia] as an active and educated political agent at the Mercian court. Firstly, he offers his counsel to her. This reveals that Cynethryth’s position as queen included offering her advice to her husband, and implies that she formed her own opinions. Secondly, he notes how the queen herself is literate. In mentioning that she should have been able to legere, ‘to read’, and, given her witnessing of charters and her later disputations against the learned clerics of the Church, it seems that Cynethryth may have been able to read Latin herself. In fact, Joanna Story believes that this message to Hunðryð (and that of the next letter in this discussion) may have been a response to contact initiated by Cynethryth herself. Finally, he attempts to reassure Cynethryth of his loyalty to her. Alcuin’s loyalties were sometimes strained between his Northumbrian homeland, the Mercian court, and Charlemagne, especially when they were at odds with each other."
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Cynethryth
Cynethryth is an Anglo-Saxon feminine name composed of cyne (royal) and thryth (strength).
Variants:
Cyneðryð [John Kemble 1839 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici 1: 146].
Kyneðryð [John Kemble 1839 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici 1: 168].
Cynedritha [John Kemble 1839 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici 1: 182].
Cynethrith [John Kemble 1839 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici 1: 209].
cyneđryþ [John Kemble 1839 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici 1: 315].
Cyniđryth [Joseph Stevenson 1841 Liber Vitæ Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis, page 3].
Cynedryd [Ernst Förstemann 1856 Altdeutsches Namenbuch, volume 1, 1st edition, column 313].
Cyniðryth [Henry Sweet 1886 The Oldest English Texts, page 154].
Cyniðryð [Henry Sweet 1886 The Oldest English Texts, page 154].
Cyniðryd [Henry Sweet 1886 The Oldest English Texts, page 155].
Cynidryð [Henry Sweet 1886 The Oldest English Texts, page 155].
Cyniðrȳð [Henry Sweet 1886 The Oldest English Texts, page 568].
Cyniþrȳþ [Henry Sweet 1886 The Oldest English Texts, page 638].
Cynethryth [William Searle 1897 Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum, page 158].
Cyneðrӯð [Sir Allen Mawer, Sir Frank Stenton, & John Gover 1930 English Place-Name Society 7: 555].
Cyneþryþ [Elisabeth Okasha 2011 Women’s Names in Old English, page 1].
Cyneþrýþ [Oswin Kinsey 2016 English Compound Names, 2nd edition, page 119].
Note:
Cynedritha is a Latinized form.
Prototheme:
Cyne = royal [Grant Allen 1884 Anglo-Saxon Britain, page 196].
Deuterotheme:
thryth = strength [Ernest Weekley 1939 Jack and Jill, 1st edition, page 30].
Usage:
Cynethryth was the name of the wife of King Wiglaf of Mercia [William Searle 1899 Anglo-Saxon Bishops, Kings and Nobles, page 298]. She witnessed a charter issued by her husband on 28 August 831: “✠ ego cyneðryð regina cons̃ ⁊ suᵬ.” [John Kemble 1839 Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici 1: 295 (number 227)].
Cynethryth (died after AD 798) was a Queen of Mercia, wife of King Offa of Mercia and mother of King Ecgfrith of Mercia. Cynethryth is the only Anglo-Saxon queen consort in whose name coinage was definitely issued.
Cynethryth ruled alongside her husband, King Offa of Mercia, during the seventh century C.E.
