IL Y A 194 ANS | Mort du naturaliste Georges Cuvier ➽ http://bit.ly/Georges-Cuvier
Sa disparition le 13 mai 1832 est celle d’un esprit encyclopédique surnommé « l’Aristote du XIXe siècle ». Né dans la modestie montbéliardaise, Georges Cuvier déploie très tôt un génie classificateur, disséquant le vivant avec une rigueur d’anatomiste. Du précepteur isolé au maître du Muséum, il ordonne, compare et fonde la zoologie moderne, imposant une science des faits, précise et souveraine, qui réorganise durablement l’histoire naturelle
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Read below the cut for an annotated image and some naming history!
Nasireddin crater is named after Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274), a Persian polymath who recorded the most accurate observations of the planets of his time.
Baco crater is named after Roger Bacon (c. 1219 - c. 1292), an English philosopher who put heavy emphasis on studying nature through scientific methods.
Walther crater is named after Bernhard Walther (1430-1504), a German astronomer who made precise measurements of the position of Venus.
Stöfler crater is named after Johannes Stöffler (1452-1531), a German astronomer who published a book on how to make and use astrolabes.
Maurolycus crater is named after Francesco Maurolico (1494-1575), a Sicilian astronomer who described a method to measure the size of the Earth.
Fernelius crater is named after Jean Fernal (1497-1558), a French physician who coined the term "physiology" and was the first person to describe the spinal canal.
Nonius crater is named after Pedro Nunes (1502-1578), a Portuguese mathematician who made improvements to the geocentric model of the universe.
Gemma Frisius crater is named after Gemma Frisius (1508-1555), a Dutch mathematician who constructed very accurate globes of the Earth and night sky.
Aliacensis crater is named after Pierre d'Ailly (1351-1420), a French astrologer who wrote about the size of the Earth.
Barocius crater is named after Francesco Barozzi (1537-1604), an Italian mathematician who studied the cosmology of Ptolemy.
Licetus crater is named after Fortunio Liceti (1577-1657), an Italian physician who wrote books defending the Aristotelian universe from the new heliocentric universe.
Clairaut crater is named after Alexis Claude Clairaut (1713-1765), a French mathematician who used Newton's calculus to work on the three-body problem.
Büsching crater is named after Anton Friedrich Büsching (1724-1793), a German geographer who published several books on the geography of Europe.
Breislak crater is named after Scipione Breislak (1748-1826), an Italian geologist who studied the geology of Rome.
Ideler crater is named after Christian Ludwig Ideler (1766-1846), a German astronomer who studied ancient cultures and their time-keeping methods.
Cuvier crater is named after Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), a French zoologist, sometimes called the "father of paleontology."
Faraday crater is named after Michael Faraday (1791-1867), an English physicist who established the concept of electromagnetic fields.
Kaiser crater is named after Frederik Kaiser (1808-1872), a Dutch astronomer who popularized astronomy in the Netherlands and directed the Leiden Observatory.
Miller crater is named after William Allen Miller (1817-1870), a British scientist who studied the composition of the stars and wrote textbooks on chemistry.
Huggins crater is named after William Huggins (1824-1910), British astronomer who studied the spectra of several objects, including the first to take the spectrum of a planetary nebula.
Mastodon teeth drawn by Cuvier, 1796 (Year IV of the Revolutionary Calendar).
Cuvier’s examinations of proboscidean teeth proved not only that elephants belonged to two species, and not just one. Having compared elephant teeth to specimens collected in Siberia and what is now the United States, he discovered that they had belonged to two species that no longer existed: the mammoth and the mastodon, which had first been referred to as “the Ohio animal”.
Though the theory was not widely accepted at the time, Cuvier is now credited as the one to first recognise, with evidence, that species could go extinct.
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