#collocationslearning

6.1

1 The presidential visit kept everyone on their toes.

2 Rosetta shouldered the blame for the failure of the project.

3 I don't think Greg will ever win Rosie's heart; it's time he faced up to it.

4 The company had done so well that year that it agreed to foot the bill for a staff night out.

5 I'm glad I'm not the head of this team.

6 Eva has an eye for a bargain.

6.2

1 A decrease in savings goes hand in hand with inflation.

2 If a relationship hits the rocks, it is the end of that relationship.

3 If you say that someone is hopping mad, you mean that they are very angry.

4 If you run into difficulties or trouble, that means that you have difficulties or trouble.

5 I'd rather call it light reading.

6 If you talk about facing the facts, the facts are more likely to be unpleasant.

6.3

1 She got the job easily. She got the job.

2 He is in charge of the project team. He assists in the project team.

3 He came to a conclusion without thinking. Dad made a mistake.

4 He left the room without worries. He left the room with a burden.

5 I can hardly win. I can win, but it's unlikely.

6.4

1 Kieran's constant whistling is driving me crazy.

2 Sylvia is a first-class designer as she has a good eye for detail.

3 You mustn't shoulder the heavy task of redecorating the house all by yourself.

4 There is just a slim chance that Marek might pop in today.

5 The committee has some weighty matters to discuss on today's agenda.

6 When the results came out, Marco was thrilled to see his name heading the list of successful candidates.

6.5

1 'Run into trouble' means to have trouble. The play on words is based on the words 'athlete' and 'runs'.

2 'Fat chance' means to have almost no chance. The play on words is based on the words 'diet' and 'fat.

3 'Keep someone on toes' means to be very strict with somebody. The play on words is based on the words 'ballet and 'on toes.

4 'Foot the bill' means to pay the bill. The play on words is based on the words 'shoeworld co.' and 'foot'.

5.1

1 I feel dead tired all the time. (i) I feel very tired all the time.

2 We were all bored stupid by the poetry reading. (i)

We were all very stupid by the poetry reading.

3 Currency exchange offices are located in the arrivals lounge. (f) There are currency exchange offices in the arrivals lounge.

4 She conducted a study of single-parent family units. (f) She did a study of single-parent family units.

5 She did her degree in London and found work there in 2015. (n)

6 I just got the latest software so my computer is band up to date. (i) I have just bought the latest software and so my computer is fully up to date.

7 Affix a passport-size photograph to the application form. (f) Stick a passport photo on the application form.

8 Jake asked his tutor for an extention to complete his dissertation. (n)

5.2

1 This is breaking news here on Global TV Extra. (j)

2 These are the songs that are climbing the charts this week. (e)

3 There are tons of good reasons for not studying law. (ic)

4 Visitors must keep to the designated areas all the time. (n)

5 In any such case, customers shall forfeit the right to compensation. (l)

6 Fuel consumption may vary according to model and road conditions. (t)

7 I'll give you a ring after dinner. (ic)

8 The minister will tour Asia in a bid to win support for the plan. (j)

9 Joss Engold stars in the latest blockbuster from Star Studios. (e)

10 A microchip is a miniaturised electronic circuit. (t)

11 Please restrict your use of the fitness machines to twenty minutes. (n)

12 A witness may be asked to testify for a second time. (l)

5.3

What can I do for you? Mr Wilson?

Well, Doctor, I've been running a temperature for the last couple of days and I've come out in a rash on my neck. Do you see? These red spots here.

Hmmm. Let's take a look.

It's very irritating and I have trouble getting off to sleep at night. Then I feel down all day and can't concentrate on my work.

Right. I don't think it's anything serious. I'll write you out a prescription for some lotion which should help to clear up the rash.

4.1

1 Tania has always had a gift for languages so I'm not surprised she wants to study Chinese at university.

2 At high tide the sea covers the causeway and the only way to get to the island is to take a boat.

3 It's very crowded in this cafe. You grab a seat and I'll get our drinks.

4 Once my exams are over I'll turn my thoughts to planning a holiday.

5 Far more people these days manage to win the battle against cancer.

6 Most politicians say they enter politics because they want to make a difference.

7 Try not to underestimate the value of having good friends. Ultimately, friendship is far more important than work.

8 He's got the job - pending a successful result in his driving test tomorrow.

9 Although they lack experience, newly qualified doctors are often very enthusiastic and passionate about their work.

4.2

1 to jump at the chance

2 pass up the chance

3 to get the chance

4 to stand a chance

5 to be in with a chance

6 to face a challenge

7 to pose a challenge

8 a direct challenge

9 to rise to the challenge

10 a serious challenge

4.3

Collocations: learn by heart, miss a chance

4.4

1 They are: school, university and the army. (My three milestones are graduating from school, getting my university degree, and completing my military service.)

2 Yes, I am. I've got two diplomas. I am an English teacher at school.

3 Salary and investments.

4 The army (The toughest challenge I've ever faced was serving in the army.)

5 Quick thinking, good knowledge of foreign languages and the ability to stay calm under pressure.

6 Photos, badges and postcards

4.5

Make an effort to notice collocations in any text I read.

Get hold of a good dictionary to check other collocations for words that I want to learn.

Write down at least three collocations for each new word I want to commit to merory.

Look back over old homework to see where I have made mistakes with collocations and do my best to avoid those mistakes in future.

Make a point of usiing good collocations when I have to write or speak in English.

Read and listen to as much English as possible because that will expose me to natural collocations.

3.1

1 disease spreads

2 evidence suggests

3 opportunity arises

4 smoke rises

5 standarts slip

6 teeth chatter

7 wind howls

8 withstand pressure

3.2

1 The scientific evidence suggests human beings first emerged in Africa.

2 The wind was howling and it was raining, so I couldn't sleep.

3 The machine has to be made of materials that can withstand a lot of pressure.

4 Oh, no! There's a fire. Look at the smoke rising from those buildings.

5 It was so cold I couldn't stop my teeth from chattering.

6 Our survey shows that parents believe standards have slipped at the school.

7 You must accompany Mason on one of his business trips to Asia, if the opportunity ever arises.

8 An alarming new disease is spreading among cattle in the south of the country.

3.3

1 I don't want to pass up the chance of meeting such a famous person.

2 We'll have to draw up a contract before you start work, as it's a new position.

3 You're working too hard. You should try to take it easy for a while.

4 This new bullet-proof car can withstand the impact of a rocket-propelled grenade.

5 Do you have any interesting snippets of information about our new boss to tell us?

6 The minister faced a barrage of questions from reporters.

7 I had a stroke of luck last week. The police found my stolen wallet and nothing was missing.

8 There's been a spate of violent attacks in the area recently.

9 After her divorce Mandy was determined to put the past behind her and build a new life.

3.4

1 Well, it's a difficult question. There are a lot of attractive people, especially actors and actresses. There are many beautiful and handsome people on Instagram. I can't make a decision out of the blue.

2 I would ask this person to drive more slowly or to stop the car. It's very dangerous and I don't want to risk my life or have serious injuries if there's an accident.

3 I would rather walk in the countryside if there is a gentle breeze. It's more appropriate for walking. Strong wind doesn't allow you to enjoy yourself.

4 Well, that is also not a simple question. I don't like to write intensely personal thoughts, because there's a chance that your diary could end up in sombody else's hands.

3.5

1 He said he would throw us out, but it was just an idle threat.

2 They rushed the victim to hospital, in the vain hope of saving her life.

3 The government is encountering mounting criticism of its policies.

4 There is mounting concern across the world about climate change.

5 The horse was foaming at the mouth, so we called the vet.

6 Suddenly, without warning, Marta burst into song.

7 The plain truth is that I hate my job.

2.1

1 a broad accent

2 in broad agreement

3 mitigating circumstances

4 mitigating factors

5 auburn hair

6 deliriously happy

7 a broad smile

8 a picturesque location

9 adjourn a meeting

10 a picturesque town

11 adjourn a trial

12 inclement weather

2.2

1 Melissa has quite broad Scottish accent.

2 Inclement weather led to the cancellation of the President's garden party.

3 We were all deliriously happy when we heard we'd won the award.

4 Their new home was in a picturesque location.

5 Because there were mitigating circumstances, the judge let him off with a warning.

6 I think we should adjourn the meeting until tomorrow.

7 She had a broad smile on her face when she arrived.

8 She has lovely auburn hair.

9 I think we're in broad agreement as to what should be done.

2.3

1 extremely tired/ expensive

2 make an effort

3 cancel a meeting

4 deliver a letter

5 make a living

6 cancel/ adjourn/ hold a meeting

7 main/unique/ new best feature

8 engage with

9 bright light/ sunshine

2.4

1 She couldn't be on time because of inclement weather.

2 You immediately recognise her, because she has wonderful auburn hair.

3 Martin was deliriously happy when he passed his finals.

4 Our boss adjourned the meeting until next Friday.

5 His parents were so worried, they were walking to and fro for half an hour.

6 Her boyfriend has very broad shoulders. I think he is a rugby player.

Unit 9

1 Highly

Highly likely (весьма вероятно)/ highly unlikely (весьма маловероятно)/ highly unusual (весьма необычно)

Rain is highly likely tonight. It's highly unusual for her to be late. It's highly unlikely that they will change their minds. Such a sharp price increase is highly unusual. Scientists believe that a discovery is highly likely in the next few years. It's highly unlikely that we will receive an answer before Monday. His reaction was highly unusual for everyone. Given her experience, success is highly likely. Snow in May is highly unlikely in our climate. This archaeological discovery is highly unusual.

Highly successful (чрезвычайно успешный)/highly competitive (чрезвычайно конкурентный/соперничающий)/ highly profitable (чрезвычайно прибыльный)

The startup was highly successful. The pharmaceutical market is highly competitive. It's a highly profitable family business. His highly successful career inspires many people. You have to be highly competitive to get this grant. Last financial year was highly profitable for the company. Not every highly successful venture brings happiness. This contract tender will be highly competitive. Their new investment strategy was highly profitable. He is known as an athlete who is both highly successful and highly competitive.

highly controversial (весьма спорный),/highly recommended (настоятельно рекомендуемый) / highly effective (высокоэффективный)