Both Iris & Toxon mean Rainbow in the Bible
By Eli Kittim š
All the Evidence Points to a Christ-Like Figure in Rev. 6.2
In this study I want to focus primarily on two words, iris & toxon, in order to show how they completely change our understanding of Revelation 6.2. But before I do this, I would first like to show you some proofs concerning the implied benevolence of the White horseman of the Apocalypse. That the white horse is a symbol of purity and righteousness is multiply attested by its linguistic usage patterns. For example, the phrase āand behold, a white horse,ā in Rev. 19.11, is identical to the one used in Revelation 6.2. In other words, the two white horses of Revelation 19 & 6 represent the exact same figure who āis called Faithful and Trueā (Rev. 19.11)! Thatās why Irenaeus, a second century theologian, held the same view, namely, that the first rider of the white horse who is depicted as a peacemaker represents Jesus Christ (Mounce, Robert H. The Book of Revelation. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Rev. ed. [Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997], p. 141).
This is also confirmed by the type of crown the rider of the white horse wears. Stephanos ācrownsā are typically worn by believers and victors in Christ (see e.g. the Greek text of Matthew 27.29; James 1.12; 2 Timothy 4.8; 1 Peter 5.4; Revelation 2.10; 4.4; 14.14)! All these proofs clearly show that the white horseman of Rev. 6.2 is neither deceptive nor evil, as many Bible commentators would have us believe!
The Hebrew Bible Uses the Word Bow for Rainbow
In the New Testament, the Greek noun į¼¶ĻĪ¹Ļ (iris) means ārainbowā (see https://biblehub.com/greek/2463.htm). Curiously enough, the Greek noun ĻĻξον (toxon), which we find in Rev. 6.2, means ābowā butāāas we shall seeāāit also means ārainbowā (see https://biblehub.com/greek/5115.htm). ΤĻξον can be seen as a contraction for ĪæĻ Ļάνιον ĻĻξον (rainbow), from Ancient Greek Īæį½ĻανĻĻ ("heaven") + ĻĻξον ("bow").
Given that the Greek noun āirisā is the most widely used term for ārainbowā in the New Testament, some commentators argue that since the word in Rev. 6.2 is ātoxon,ā not āiris,ā it means that ātoxonā (ĻĻξον) cannot possibly refer to a rainbow. However, many notable Bible commentators, such as Chuck Missler, have said that the ābowā (toxon) in Rev. 6.2 appears to represent the ārainbowā of Genesis 9.13. In other words, the bow (toxon) represents the peace-covenant of Genesis 9.13. The actual verse in Genesis 9.13 (NRSV) reads:
āI have set my bow in the clouds, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and the earth.ā
Bear in mind that Genesis 9.13 uses the Hebrew phrase qaŔ·tĆ® (קַשְ××ŖÖ“Ö¼Ö×), which means āmy bow.ā It comes from the Hebrew noun קֶשֶ××Ŗ (qesheth), which meansāāwait for itāāa bow (https://biblehub.com/hebrew/7198.htm).
The Septuagint (LXX) Translates the Hebrew Word for Rainbow with the Greek Word Toxon
Further evidence that ātoxonā (bow) can mean ārainbowā comes from the Septuagint, an early Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. Lo and behold, the Septuagint translates ārainbowā as Ļόξον (toxon) in Genesis 9.13!
Thus, this brief study illustrates my point, namely, that āirisā and ātoxonā are interchangeable in the Bible! The Septuagint (LXX) translation of Genesis 9.13 by L.C.L. Brenton reads as follows:
Ļį½ø Ļόξον Ī¼ĪæĻ Ļίθημι į¼Ī½ ĻῠνεĻέλįæ, καὶ į¼ĻĻαι Īµį¼°Ļ ĻημεįæĪæĪ½ Ī“Ī¹Ī±Īøį½µĪŗĪ·Ļ į¼Ī½į½° μέĻον į¼Ī¼Īæįæ¦ ĪŗĪ±į½¶ ĻįæĻ γįæĻ.
Translation:
āI set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be for a sign of covenant between me and the earth.ā
Conclusion
Therefore, both āirisā and ātoxonā mean ārainbowā in the Bible! They are interchangeable terms. This means that the rider of the āwhite horse ⦠[who] had a bowā (ĻĻξον), in Rev. 6.2, is symbolically holding the ārainbow,ā which represents the covenant of peace between God & man in Genesis 9.13!










