#bradykinin

Very long, very wonky, very scary article.

You should read it anyway, and make your “COVID’s no big deal” friends read it too.

The Scientific Research Notes Of S. Sunkavally (years: 2002-2011).

Angioedema with pruritus and urticaria is caused by mast cell activation (type I hypersensitivity). Opioids can directly activate mast cells.

Angioedema without pruritus and urticaria is due to excess bradykinin. ACE inhibitors and C1 inhibitor deficiency can cause excess bradykinin.

Angioedema is a rare and serious adverse effect of ACE inhibitor therapy. ACE inhibition increases bradykinin levels, which increase vascular permeability and lead to angioedema. Symptoms include tongue, lips, or eyelid swelling and, less frequently, laryngeal oedema and difficulty breathing. ACE inhibitors should be discontinued in affected patients.

We are finally unravelling the mystery of what causes severe covid-19

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By Mark Anderson

A computer graphic representation of the molecular structure of bradykinin

HANK MORGAN/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

An out-of-control human peptide called bradykinin could be responsible for some of the varied and sometimes deadly symptoms seen in people who have contracted the coronavirus. We already have drugs to control bradykinin, which are being tested as…

Lord, please let this be it. Please let bradykinin inhibitors be a good drug for COVID 😭😭

De-pei  li and Hui-lin pan

The aim of  this study is to determine the afferent pathways underlying the activation of  barosensitive neurons in the RVLM on stimulation of cardiac receptors in  rats.

Epicardial  application of bradykinin (BK) activated the cardiac receptors and thereby  stimulated the barosensitive neurons in the RVLM. To determine the mechanism  underlying this, cervical vagotomy and blockade of stellate ganglia was done.

Epicardial  application of BK after cervical vagotomy did not alter the response of  barosensitive neurons in the RVLM. But the bilateral blockade of stellate ganglia which is the major sympathetic afferent pathway by local infiltration  of lidocaine eliminated the response of RVLM vasomotor neurons to the  epicardial application of BK.

Based on  these results it can be stated that epicardial application of BK stimulated  majority of the barosensitive neurons in the RVLM and for this stimulation of  neurons cardiac sympathetic afferents are essential.  

This study  demonstrates that sympathetic afferent pathway selectively excites the barosensitive neurons in the RVLM on stimulation of cardiac receptors.

Mahesh Kumar Sivasubramanian

Preconditioning Your Way to Better Stem Cells

When stem cells are implanted into injured tissues, they often face a hostile environment that is inimical to their survival. A stroke, for example, can produce brain tissue without ample blood flow, low oxygen levels, and lots of cell debris and inflammation. The same can be said for the heart after a heart attack. If stem cells are going to help anyone we have to find a way for them to survive.