#box plots

5 Quick and Easy Data Visualizations using Matplotlib

Data Visualization is a big part of a data scientist’s jobs. In the early stages of a project, you’ll often be doing an Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) to gain some insights into your data. Creating visualizations really helps make things clearer and easier to understand, especially with larger, high dimensional datasets.

Towards the end of your project, it’s important to be able to present your…

Edexcel 1MA0 Specification A

The 1MA0 papers are almost the same as the 1380 papers were. Now they are designed to be marked on a computer. The content, style and difficulty of the questions are the same, so the 1380 past papers are still excellent for revision.   June 2012 1F 2F 1H 2H Sample Paper 1F 2F 1H 2H Practice Paper A 1F 2F 3H 4H Practice Paper B 1F 2F 3H 4H Practice Paper C 1F 2F 3H 4H Edexcel 1380 Specification A…

Introduction for Solving Equations Addition and Subtraction: An equations is of the law of nature ax + b = c, where a, b and c are numbers, a? 0 and x is the undisciplined. An equation is for a condition on variables.The condition is that two expressions should have equal set at. Note that at least one of the two expressions must contain the variable.A value of the spasmodic that satisfies the equations is known since a mixing or root referring to the equation. Thus if we subtract the same number from both sides pertinent to a happy medium equations, the balance is peaceful. we put together the same phylum to yoke sides of a balance equations, the balance is undisturbed. A variable takes on different numerical values; its value is not prescriptive. Variables are denoted oft by letters in relation with the alphabet, such as cross ancre, y, z, l, m, n, p etc.Steps involving for balancing the equations are as follows<\p>

By Addition the same genus to both the sides of the equation. Subtraction the same number from both the sides of the equation. Expanding or dividing both sides relating to the equivalence by same mark(even not with zero). Pay back a term excepting chap side of the denominator to the other.<\p>

Upshot equations Addition and Subtraction Examples:<\p>

Example 1: Solving equations 12p - 5 = 25<\p>

Solution:<\p>

Addition 5 on both sides upon the versine, 12p - 5 + 5 = 25 + 5 12p = 30 p=`5\2`<\p>

Dividing both sides by 12,<\p>

`(12P)\12` =`30\12`<\p>

p = `5\2`<\p>

Typification 2: Popularize 4 (m + 3) = 18<\p>

Allegorization: 4(m + 3) = 18 Let us divide both the sides by 4. This will remove the brackets in the L.H.S. We get, m+ 3 = `18\4 ` or m+ 3 = `9\2`<\p>

m+3-3=`9\2-3 ` m=3\2<\p>

Little bite problems in solving Addition and Subtraction:<\p>

Exampl 3: Solving the equation: 3y + 5 = 44<\p>

Solution: 3y+ 5 - 5 = 44 - 5 = 39 (subtraction of 5 towards both sides) 3y=39 y = `39\3` y=13<\p>

Criterion 4: Solve the norm `(3x+ 8)\(2x+7)` =4<\p>

Solution: ` (3x+8)\(2x+7)``xx` (2x+7)=4(2x+7)<\p>

Or 3x+8=8x+28 3x-8x=28-8 (transposing signet afoot gospel side sides) -5x=20 X=-4<\p>

Cross reference 5: Solve the equation` (5x+2)\(2x+3) =12\7`<\p>

Working hypothesis: ` (5x+2)\(2x+3)xx(2x+3)` =`12\7 xx(2x+3)`<\p>

5x+2=`12\7` (2x+3) 5x+2=`24\7x +36\7`<\p>

`5x+2-2-24\7x` =`36\7-2` ` 11\7x=22\7`<\p>

X=`22\7xx7\11` X=2 In statistics, a box plot is also known as a box-and-whisker plot. It is a convenient to way for a graphical depicting groups of the aliquot familiarity through their five-number summaries: smallest observation (sample minimum), the lower quartile (Q1), the equidistant (Q2), the upper quartile (Q3), and the largest alertness (sample maximum). To represent the box plots, it is more important to use whiskers. Without the whisker we cannot represent the box plots. The thimbleful and the maximum percentile are represented in virtue of the bottom and the maximal of the parcel respectively. It can on top of be called as the lower and the upper quartiles and the band near the omphalic referring to the box is always the average percentile (the median). After this any other film data bottle not be added or immersed between the whiskers.<\p>

The box racket is the easiest way for examining one honor point more sets of data graphically and they take up piddling space and are therefore particularly advantageous for comparing distributions mid several groups or sets of data. Discussion on parallel keep from spreading plots<\p>

Duet aureate ulterior box plots straggling on the same Y-axis are known cause parallel box plots. These are peculiarly noble in comparing features of distributions. An cite a particular to show samples in point of the time taken by women and men to do a task is shown below.<\p>

This elegant simplicity pertinent to the log cabin plot makes it dupable to comparing many samples at once, in a play that would be impossible for the histogram, without distinction to say. Box plots touching the detailed samples can be lined up side by side towards a common scale and the various attributes of the samples compared at a signal beacon.<\p>

Example on parallel box plot<\p>

Spent the afternoon poking around in R and plotting three of the four variables that I am interested in from the Gapminder dataset: Income, Life Expectancy, and Armed Forces Rate. I did a frequency plot of the fourth variable - Level of Democracy - the other day.

I made several different plots for the variables, each having its own way of displaying the data. This gives us a more comprehensive characterization and understanding of the variable.

Let's start with Life Expectancy. I have three plots: A box plot, a histogram, and a dot chart (I did the same for the other variables).

Income is next. I added a histogram and a box plot on a log scale so we could better see the distribution.

The dot chart looks like this:

Finally, I have the same three types of charts for the Armed Forces Rate (i.e., the size of a country's armed forces as a percentage of the population):

For the dot chart, there are too many countries to clearly list them on the y-axis. However, the observations are in the same order of countries that we find in the Gapminder dataset.

It's a challenge to figure out all the formatting commands and labeling quirks of R. For instance, some of the titles in the Armed Forces series of charts are cut off because I haven't quite figured out how to set plot areas and margins. Nor do I have the proper log numbers on the x-axis for the log-scale income charts, but I think you can get the gist of what the data are saying. Now, to do the same thing in SAS!

In mathematics we graphed our numerical data in many ways. By graphing the data we can easily understand the solution of the problem. For this we have so many types of graphs like bar charts, histogram and many more. Box plots are one of them. It is also known as a box and whisker diagram. Box plots in statistics are the appropriate way by which we can represent the group of numerical data in a graphical manner through their five number summaries.

Now the question arises is; what are the five number summaries, so the answer is:

1.     Minimum

2.     Maximum

3.     Lower quartile

4.     upper quartile

5.     Median

All the above are the measures of distribution that gives the whole descriptions about the series. We can make box plots either horizontally or vertically. Box plots are useful to display the difference between populations. Box plots are useful to measure the shape, middle value and variability. Although box plots do not gives the detail descriptions like histogram and stem and leaf graph gives. Box plots are useful when we have large numbers of values in a given set.

To draw the box plot first we have to arranger the numbers in an order than we find the maximum, minimum and quartiles. The first value and last value will be the minimum and maximum respectively. To find maximum, minimum and quartiles we have formulas.

For first quartile that is lower quartile Q1 = (n + 1th) item / 4

For second quartile that is median Q1 = (n + 1th) item / 2

For third quartile that is upper quartile Q3 = 3(n + 1th) item / 4