#bladder exstrophy

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numerous pages had the colors updated to the grey & yellow "Default" for better readability/accessibility

updates to aphallia page - fixed some links that still went to the original version of the website, added to table of contents

updates to bladder exstrophy page - fixed link that still went to original version of the website, added to table of contents, added additional links

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Definition: Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital condition that affects the urinary system. It occurs when the bladder and the abdominal wall do not form properly during prenatal development. The bladder develops outside of the abdominal cavity, and it is exposed on the surface of the skin.

Diagnosis: This condition is typically diagnosed at birth. It can be diagnosed via prenatal ultrasound, but it is more often diagnosed after the baby is born. A physical examination is usually enough to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment: Treatment for bladder exstrophy usually begins immediately after birth. The first step is to cover the exposed bladder with a sterile dressing to protect it from infection. Surgery is then typically required to repair the bladder and close the abdominal wall. Surgery can be done in one or multiple stages, depending on the severity of the condition. It is usually done between 3-6 months after birth. The goal of surgery is to achieve normal bladder function and a normal-appearing external genitalia.

Prognosis: The prognosis for bladder exstrophy varies depending on the severity of the condition and the success of the surgery. With proper treatment, most people with bladder exstrophy can lead normal lives with normal bladder function. However, some people may have ongoing issues with incontinence or recurrent infections.