On This Day — May 20, 1940
Auschwitz began operating today.
Not with gas chambers — those came later. The first 30 German criminal prisoners (future kapos) arrived at a former Polish army barracks outside Oświęcim to start building the machine.
The Nazis chose this spot deliberately: the heart of Poland, home to over 3 million Jews — Europe’s largest Jewish population — with perfect rail lines running straight to every major Jewish community. This was industrial geography in service of extermination.
But Auschwitz isn’t really the answer. It is the question.
The Holocaust did not emerge from a vacuum. For generations, Europe had been obsessed with the “Jewish Question.” Anti-Jewish laws, economic boycotts, propaganda, and expulsion fantasies were not Nazi inventions — they were refined and mainstreamed across the continent. When the Nazis escalated to total annihilation, they found eager collaborators in almost every nation.
By the time the trains rolled into Auschwitz, dozens of countries had already spent decades corralling, impoverishing, and isolating their Jews. The murder itself, horrific as it was, later became a psychological comfort: focus on the gas chambers and crematoria, and you can forget how so many nations quietly sighed in relief when the Jews of Europe were finally “gone.”
Eastern Europe often refused to return surviving Jews to their homes after the war. The West preferred comfortable moral lessons about “intolerance” over honest reckoning with its own role in shoving millions toward the furnaces.
Only the Jewish people were left to remember that when their brethren stood at the edge of the abyss, almost no one reached out a hand.
Auschwitz forces the real question: What do a people do when the world has proven — repeatedly — that Jewish survival cannot be trusted to others?
The answer was born in 1948. It is called Israel.