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Exercise_Berthasaura.
Pencils & digital, 2024.
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DMM ROUND FOUR MASTERPOST
ORNITHISCHIAN FINAL MATCHUP:
Changmiania vs Jakapil
SAUROPODOMORPH FINAL MATCHUP:
Kholumolumo vs Bajadasaurus
NON-NEORNITHINE THEROPOD FINAL MATCHUP:
Berthasaura vs Caihong
NEORNITHINE FINAL MATCHUP:
Vorombe vs Heracles
REBLOG! SHARE! DEBATE!
IT'S DINOSAUR MARCH MADNESS!
VOTE BERTHASAURA FOR DINOSAUR MARCH MADNESS 2023
āBerthasaura is just *barely* losing @a-dinosaur-a-dayāās DMM poll and if the only remaining Noasaur loses to a friggin Spinosaur I might actually riot
A vote for Berthasaura is a vote for all Noasaurs, arguably the weirdest collection of non-avian theropods to ever exist. A vote for Berthasaura is, by extension, a vote for:
- Masiakasaurus āwhy are your teeth like thatāĀ knopfleri of Prehistoric Planet fame, a genuĆne Madagascan weirdo
-Ā Vespersaurus āonly dinosaur that walks on one toeāĀ paranaensis (yes that includes all birds), tragic second placeĀ of the previous round
-Ā LimusaurusĀ āare you sure thatās even a theropodāĀ inextricabilis, which started out like normal little baby theropods before losing their teeth and becoming quasi-ornithomimid beaked herbivores, and its fellow Elaphrosaurines
- Noasaurids are also the closest relatives of Abelisaurs, which should be worth extra brownie points
And Berthasaura itself was no slouch either! In addition to being arguably The Most Ornithopod of any theropod (vote for wacky convergent evolution!), it evolved its toothlessness independentlyĀ of the Elaphrosaurines, and was toothless its entire life! Friggin Noasaurs donāt even do toothlesness the same way twice apparently. Berthasaura also holds the distinction of being the second ever toothless non-ceolosaurian theropod to be described, and it had a nearly complete skeleton!Ā BerthasauraĀ was an ornithomimid before ornithomimids became cool (or even existed), an early-cretaceous throwback to Shuvosaurids, the first of a long line of weirdo theropods. Peak dinosaur, 9/10.
Meanwhile CeratosuchopsĀ is what, a Baryonychine with a horn on its head? Boo, unoriginal, 4/10. The horn aināt even that big. Itās only known from some fragments of a skull (again: compare to Berthasauraās remarkably complete skeleton) and in all honesty Iām just tired of Spinosaurs at this point. I couldnāt even keep track of whatever SpinosaurusĀ drama was happening back when I was deep in my early Covid paleo hyperfixationĀ and I'm kinda scared to check in on it. Apologies to Darren Naish, but Iāve had a petty grudge against spotlight-stealing Spinosaurs since like the third post-2014Ā Spinosaurus paper and it sure as hell-herons aināt going away now. Sure, CeratosuchopsĀ was a heron-analogue with a cool name, but itās not even a proper heron mimic. If you want someĀ real convergent evolution, vote for Berthasaura.Ā
Am I deliberately skimping on Baryonychine facts due to a petty grudge against the most famous member of the family? Yes definitely absolutely. They get enough attention as is. And what do they have that Noasaurs donāt? Weird teeth and an aquatic diet? SeeĀ Masiakasaurus.Ā Big fore-claws? See Noasaurus. Large size? Overrated, andĀ Deltadromeus might be a Noasaur so they even have that covered.Ā Sail-backs and a semiaquatic lifestyle? Thatās Spinosaurus bias talking, vote forĀ Bajadasaurus orĀ Annakacygna instead. Spinosaurs may be fan-favorite weirdo dinosaurs, but I think that Noasaurs were objectively weirder and deserve to advance in the polls. Vote Berthasaura for a weirder, wackier theropod (and a way to unload that pent-up anti-SpinosaurusĀ grudge, if you like)
Berthasaura leopoldinae Artwork by @i-draws-dinosaurs, written by @i-draws-dinosaurs Name meaning: Bertha and Leopoldinaās reptile (in hon
A young berthasaura narrowly escapes the jaws of a predatory vespersaurus. Despite appearances, these two are actually quite closely related, both being part of the clade noasauridae. These were a group of ceratosaurid theropods that were quite varied in forms, among them small hunters and beaked herbivores that lost their teeth as they grew up.
Not entirely sure whether these two lived together but I really like the contrast of how different yet also how close these two are. Also vespersaurus is one my favourite dinosaurs ever.
New dinosaur: Berthasaura leopoldinae
Thereās a new strange little dinosaur on the block!! BerthasauraĀ is a Brazilian dinosaur species known from one skeleton so far, that represents a sub-adult individual thatās close to one metre in length, so while the adults were probably a bit bigger they would not have been thatĀ much larger!Ā
The naming of this species is rather lovely! Berthasaura is named for Bertha Maria JĆŗlia Lutz, a Brazilian zoologist and womenās rights activist. The species name leopoldinaeĀ comes from both the first Brazilian Empress Maria Leopoldina in celebration of the upcoming Brazilian independence bicentenary next year, as well as from Imperatriz Leopoldinense, a samba school that wrote a theme for the National Museum of Brazil which tragically burned down last year.
BerthasauraĀ is a ceratosaur, a group of theropods that include cool stuff like CeratosaurusĀ and abelisaurids, and also just this one group of incredibly weird messed up tiny guys called noasaurids that this new one belongs to. There are no normal noasaurids, they are all bizarre in special and different ways.
Berthsaura has lost all its teeth and evolved a beak. There is another beaked noasaurid called Limusaurus, but these two are actually not really closely related, so toothlessness probably evolved twice in this one group.
It also had absolutely tinyĀ hands, something that seems to happen again and again for some reason in ceratosauria. I also canāt get over how muppety its head looks, itās so funny.
Basically, this was a theropod doing its very best to become an ornithopod, which I think is just excellent and I love it. The figures Iāve used come from the original paper, which you can read here!

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Berthasaura leopoldinaeĀ de Souza et al., 2021 (new genus and species)
(Select bones and schematic skeletal of Berthasaura leopoldinae, with preserved bones in white, from de Souza et al., 2021)
Meaning of name: Berthasaura = [Brazilian zoologist and politician who was a leading figure during the Pan American feminist movement] Bertha Maria JĆŗlia Lutzās lizard; leopoldinae = for Maria Leopoldina [the first Empress of Brazil] and Imperatriz Leopoldinense [a samba school that developed a theme to commemorate the National Museum of Brazil]
Age: Early Cretaceous (AptianāAlbian)
Where found: Goio ErĆŖ Formation, ParanĆ”, Brazil
How much is known: Nearly complete skeleton of one individual.
Notes: Berthasaura was a small ceratosaurian theropod, less than a meter long in total body length. To be fair, the only known specimen was probably not fully grown. Based on comparison to other ceratosaurs with more completely known growth series, however, it was likely not an early juvenile individual either.
Whereas most other ceratosaurs were sharp-toothed predators, Berthasaura was extremely unusual in having toothless jaws, and it may have instead been an herbivore or an omnivore. The only other toothless ceratosaur named previously was Limusaurus from the Late Jurassic of China. Interestingly, the describers ofĀ Berthasaura found that it was probably not especially closely related to Limusaurus. If this is correct, ceratosaurs evolved into toothless forms at least two separate times in their evolutionary history.
Although Limusaurus was a toothless herbivore as an adult, it had sharp teeth as a juvenile. If Berthasaura also went through this process, it might have lost its teeth at an earlier growth stage than Limusaurus did, given the immaturity of the type specimen. However, it is also possible that it was toothless throughout its life. Without additional fossils ofĀ Berthasaura at other growth stages, it is hard to be sure.
(Type specimen of Berthasaura leopoldinae, from de Souza et al., 2021)
Reference: de Souza, G.A., M.B. Soares, L.C. Weinschütz, E. Wilner, R.T. Lopes, O.M.O. de Araújo, and A.W.A. Kellner. 2021. The first edentulous ceratosaur from South America. Scientific Reports 11: 22281. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01312-4
Hi there!
Day 20: Berthasaura
Round Four: Berthasaura vs Caihong
Berthasaura leopoldinae
Artwork by @i-draws-dinosaurs, written by @i-draws-dinosaurs
Name meaning: Bertha and Leopoldinaās reptile (in honour of naturalist and womenās rights activist Bertha Maria JĆŗlia Lutz, and first Empress of Brazil and advocate for Brazilian independence Maria Leopoldina)
Time: Uncertain, likely ~121 to 75 million years ago (Aptian to Albian stages of the Early Creataceous) but may be younger
Location: Goio-ErĆŖ Formation, Brazil
Theropods are famously carnivorous dinosaurs, but many, many groups of theropods have decided āactually but what if I didnātā and gone vegetarian, and yet itās still wild when another one of those pops up every now and then. Even among them though, Berthasaura is special for being the only theropod that seems to have tried to just straight up turn itself into an ornithopod. The long spindly legs, the teeny little arms, and a big head with a toothless beak all come together to create an utterly bizarre little theropod that honestly nobody could have predicted.
Berthasaura is a noasaur, and those of you familiar will at this moment be saying āoh of course itās a noasaurā because those guys were small ceratosaurs that were basically Theropod Wacky Experimental Phase 1.0. Within this group youāve got wild sticky-outy teeth, a single weight-bearing toe on each foot in our fellow competitor Vespersaurus, and now multiple instances of beaks evolving independently. Theropods just love to evolve a beak, what can I say? Whatever the hell Berthasaura had going on, it must have been successful because as the basalmost noasaurid currently known its direct lineage has been surviving since at least the Late Jurassic!
Caihong juji
Artwork by @i-draws-dinosaurs, written by @i-draws-dinosaurs
Name meaning: Rainbow with big crest
Time: 161 million years old (Oxfordian stage of the Late Jurassic)
Location: Tiaojishan Formation, China
Itās always a special treat to hear the announcement of a dinosaur with known colours, because it gives the most direct impression of how truly stunning these animals would have been to witness in real life. And Caihong might just be the most spectacular of them all so far, described in 2018 from an immaculate full-body fossil that preserves detailed feathers! Caihongās feathers are longer than some other floofy dinosaurs, and would have had the appearance of a luxurious mane along its neck. Not only that, the fossil preserves feather microstructures that in life would have made this dinosaur gloriously iridescent!
Now iridescent dinosaurs arenāt new, Microraptor has been decked out in fabulous starling-esque plumage for a while now, but Caihong absolutely takes it to the next level. Its whole body was covered in iridescent black, including the enormous tail, but the real star of the show are the platelet-like melanosomes found on the head, neck, and the base of the tail. Different from the usual iridescent melanosomes, the structure of these tiny organelles reflects brilliantly iridescent colours, like those on the heads of hummingbirds and particularly the bright purple feathers on the necks of the trumpeter family. Caihong would have put on an absolutely dazzling jewel-toned display in the treetops or on the forest floor of prehistoric China!
Berthasaura or Caihong?
Berthasaura
Caihong