Kabi Sanjayâs Mahabharata is a lesser-known adaptation of Vyasaâs epic, composed in the 1400s in Bengal. There is some discourse around whether this might be the first Bengali adaptation or not (it is considered as such in popular tradition), but it certainly precedes the Kashidashi version. The authorâs real name is probably not Sanjay, but there is little indication as to what his real name might have been.
He is believed to have been born in Laur, a town in the Sylhet province of modern-day Bangladesh. This is assumed as such since he often notes the kings of Pragjyotisha, specifically Bhagadatta, as Laur-eshvar.
His bhanita, or self-identification, at the end of each distinct event in this book varies from chapter to chapter. An example of the same:
"The story of MB was plunged in darkness,
Kabi Sanjay has now lit a lamp for it."
His primary aim, as declared by himself, was to bring the Sanskrit epic, long gatekept by the scholars of the society, closer to the common people. His version borrows selectively from the Vaishampayana version (most commonly followed) and the near-lost Jaimini version. He often calls his retelling either âBharat Kathaâ or âPandava Vijaya.â
The narrative here is devoid of the usual frills such as the creation myths or long-drawn genealogies as is seen in the Sanskrit Vaishampayana Mahabharata or in its companion puranas.
Parikshita and Janmejaya
Our story begins with the wedding ceremony of Parikshita and Sharada, the daughter of Takshaka. After this, the story continues in its usual vein with Parikshita insulting the rishi Shamika and being assassinated by Takshaka as a result. Here, an additional emotional angle is introduced for Takshaka, who must now kill his own son-in-law. He must weigh the weight of a Brahmin diktat versus his daughterâs future, in a hostile, misogynist society modelled after medieval Bengal.
Here also, the author clarifies, ahead of Vyasaâs version, that Uttara in fact outlives her son, alongside a heart wrenching lyrical poem, in a lacharhi (ā¤˛ā¤žā¤ā¤žā¤ĸā¤ŧā¤ŋ) format, detailing her grief at her sonâs untimely death. Sanjay also replaces the rishi Kashyap with an ojha (exorcist) from Shankhapur as the person that Takshak unwillingly sends away when the former arrives to cure a nearly dead Parikshita.
The next story, which forms the âenvelopeâ for the rest of the story, is that of Janmejaya and Kantavati. Janmejaya marries this daughter of the king Anshumana against the command of Vyasa and that snowballs into him being cursed by the rishi Rishyashringa and developing âbhagapeedaâ [anal inflammation] and boils all over his body, which is then cured by the retelling of the Mahabharata.
One day, Janmejaya asks Vyasa about why he was unable to stop the devastating battle of Kurukshetra. Vyasa tells him that he had tried but all parties had refused to listen to him and correct their ways, thereby ending up at that terrible outcome. Janmejaya refuses to believe the old rishi.
Vyasa, therefore, decides to demonstrate their entire familyâs acute aversion to following simple instructions. He gives Janmejaya a series of choices:
âTomorrow, do not leave your room.
If you leave your room, do not come to the court.
If you come to the court, don't get aboard the divine chariot.
If you get on the chariot, do not turn right on it.
If you turn right, do not enter the strange palace.
If you enter the palace, do not marry the girl inside.
If you marry the girl, do not bring her home.
If you bring her home, do not make her the chief queen.â
Vyasa challenges Janmejaya to stop anywhere before the last step, foretelling terrible misfortune in case the king fails. Of course, Janmejaya ends up marrying the princess Kantavati, taking pity on her after he finds her stranded in the palace in the forest (very Sleeping-Beauty-esque) and her entire family murdered by the balkhilya rishis.
After a while, Janmejaya suspects the rishi Rishyashringa of being inappropriate with Kantavati, assaults him without proof and is cursed with fullâbody inflammation as a result. Vyasa, taking pity on him, sends his students Vaishampayana and Jaimini to tell Janmejaya the âBharata Kathaâ so as to nullify his sins.
Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
â Live Streamingâ Interactive Chatâ Private Showsâ HD Qualityâ Free Actions
Free to watch âĸ No registration required âĸ HD streaming
Baadara-barakhan neerada-garajan, bijuli-chamakana-ghora,
The clouds shower, thunder, and gleam with fearsome lightning,
Upekhoi kaichhe aao tu kunje, nitiniti Madhob mor.
Disregarding this, why do you still come to the grove every day, my Madhab [Krishna]?
Ghana ghana chapala chamakaye jaba pahu, bajar-paat jab hoye,
When the playful lightning plays in the sky, when the lightning strikes,
Tuhuka baat taba samarai priyatama, dar ati laagata moye.
Thinking of you then, my beloved, I am terrified.
Anga-basan taba bheekhata Madhob, ghana ghana barakhata meha,
Your angavasta [upper-garment] is soaked Madhab, [and] the showers are frequent,
Khhudra-baali ham, hamko laagai kaahe upekhabi deha.
I am but a tiny child; why should you ignore your health for me?
Baisa baisa pahu, kusuma-shayana par pada-juga deha pasaari,
Come, sit, sit here on the flower-bed and extend your feet,
Sikta charana taba mochhaabo jawtone kuntala-bhaar ughaari.
Your soaked feet I shall wipe with my own hair.
Sraanta anga taba he Braja-sundara, raakh obokhho-par mor,
Your tired body, O the beauty of Vraja [Krishna], place upon my chest,
Tanu taba gherabo pulakita parashe, baahu-mrinaala-ka dor.
Your frame shall be embraced, with a joyful touch, by the ropes that are my lotus-like arms.
Bhanu kawhe Brikabhaanu-nondini, prema-sindhu mama Kaala,
Bhanu says, O Vrishabhanu's daughter [Radha], my Kaala [Krishna] is an ocean of love,
Tonhaar laagai, prema-ka laagai, sab kachhu sahabe jaala.
For you, for love, he shall bear all pain.
[THIS IS FANMADE] Lady and the Tramp Bengali poster I made.
Since Disney ever acknowledging this is even a language is a faraway wishful dream, Iâm just gonna make my own translations 𤥠spoken by 284 million people, SEVENTH most spoken in the world, and yet is consistently ignored by the mainstream.
I was obsessed with Chinese culture and history for a very long time, mostly because I was primarily consuming Chinese media, and I was even thinking of going a far as learning a bit of Mandarin to interpret some historical poems by Li Qingzhao, a Song Dynasty poet. Anyways I came to the very late realisation that my very limited knowledge of BanglaâMy mother tongue would be better utilised if I want to read beautiful, meaningful poems given our rich culture and tons of poems. Also I'm a fanfic writer so Iike to incorporate some stuff I learn, into my works.
So I want to ask for suggestions for any poems to read?
For context, my bangla linguistic background is:
-Probably studied those Amar bangla boi books up until 6th grade?
-An A in O level Bangla (which is probably 7th grade stuff if you show our curriculum to a Bangla Medium student, but we didn't have stuff to memorise.)
I was raised outside of Southern Asia, so I find it harder to read and understand words compared to people my age, and I haven't touched a bangla book ever since I was done with O levels, so my reading skills are a little in the ditch, but I can definitely polish it over time.
Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
â Live Streamingâ Interactive Chatâ Private Showsâ HD Qualityâ Free Actions
Free to watch âĸ No registration required âĸ HD streaming
The purpose of this article is solely for the purpose of etymology, not geography so descriptions about the mountains themselves will not be given. The list of names of mountains was obtained from this page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_Bangladesh
Immediately when looking at these names, we can notice certain words repeating often, such as: Haphong, Dong, Tlang
Repeating Titles
Haphong
Saka Haphong is spelt in Burmese in the Wikipedia page as ááá¸áĄááąáŦááē. The Burmese Wikipedia names it as áááēááááŊááˇáē (transliteration: hcakkhahaphwan).
Hapong/ Haping means âmountain/ hillâ in Kokborok. If we look at https://stedt.berkeley.edu/~stedt-cgi/rootcanal.pl/gnis?lexicon.lgiÄ1122 then we find ha-poÅ listed under Kokborok, with the citation:
Tripuri, Prashanta and Jurafsky, Dan. 1988. Kokborok dictionary. (unpublished ms. contributed to STEDT). Accessed via STEDT database <http://stedt.berkeley.edu/search/> on 2025-03-10.
Tlang
According to the Bawm dictionary app, tlang means âlumpâ. Kennet VanBik's book about Proto-Kuki-Chin directly gives us the term for mountain in the ancestor of Bawm with cognates in other Kuki-Chin languages: "[1263] HILL2 / MOUNTAIN PKC *klaaÅ; Mara tlà âa mountain, a hillâ; H. Lai tlÃĸaÅ âhill, mountainâ; F. Lai tlĮaÅ âhill, mountainâ; Mizo tlÃĄang âa mountain, a hillâ; Thado Kuki hlÃĄaÅ âmountain, mountain rangeâ; Paite taang âhillâ; Asho kyan âa mountain, hillâ. (2009, p.294)"
Dong/Taung
Mountain in Rakhine. In Burmese script it is ááąáŦááē.
After this, we will look at:
Individual Mountain Names
Zow Tlang
We can find the meaning of this term from the Wikipedia page about Zow Tlang
" In the Bawm language, "Zow" means Mizo, a term derived from Mizoram, India. This is probably due to the fact that Bangladesh was a part of greater India before 1947. "Tlang" means mountain." The reference given states the same thing:
"More about Zow Tlang". Retrieved 2024-12-22. httpsË//bd.top10place.com/zow-tlang-1824170910.html
"The two other major dialects are Riang (or Reang) and Noatia. Smaller dialects are Jamatia, Koloi and Rupini." (dialects, Wikipedia, Kokborok, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokborok, resource:Â Bradley, David (2002). "The subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman". In Beckwith, Christopher I. (ed.). Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages. Brill. p. 83
So Reang Haphong is Reang (ethnic group) + mountain
Keokradong
In Bangla script: āĻā§āĻāĻā§āϰāĻžāĻĄāĻ keokraÉÉÅ, āĻā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāĻĄāĻ keokaÉŊaÉÉÅ
From Bangla Wikipedia, the etymology is stated as from Marma (Rakhine), where keo = stone, k(a)ra = mountain, and dong = summit.
Stone is "ááģáąáŦááē" in Burmese, which is kyauk in transliteration and /ʧaĘĘ/ in pronunciation. If Marma does not palatalise ky- to /tÉ/, then the first component matches. And according to the STEDT database, searching "stone" yields /kyÉĘ/ for Marma. Second syllable? Unsure. kraĘâmeans "fowl/ chicken" in Marma, though does this name really mean "stone chicken summit"?
Tazing Dong
[6/05/2026]
If we go to the Bangla Wikipedia page, it gives us this information:
"āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ "āϤāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ" āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻŦāĻĄāĻŧ āĻŦāĻž āϏāϰā§āĻŦā§āĻā§āĻ[ā§¨ā§Ž] āĻāϰ "āĻĄāĻ" āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ"; "āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻ āϧāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāϏā§" means local people, but it never specifies a language. It states that it means "highest peak".
"āϏā§āĻĨāĻžāύā§āϝāĻŧ āĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ "āϤāĻžāĻāĻŋāĻ" āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻāĻžāĻĸāĻŧ āϏāĻŦā§āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻ "āĻĄāĻ" āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ āĻšāϞ⧠āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧāĻā§āĻĄāĻŧāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰā§āĻŦāϤāĻļā§āĻā§āĻāĨ¤" Here it states Marma language and claims that Tazing means "deep green".
Green in Marma is áĄá áŽááēá¸ááąáŦááē asÄĢĖmraung/asÊimraung and that info was obtained from this video:
Though this does not account for the ta- in the first syllable.
Maithaijama Haphong
The Wikipedia page claims "The name "Maithai Jama Haphong" came from the Tripura language. which means, "Bad hilly place for vegetation."" But this is very weird. We know Haphong is from Kokborok/ Tripuri language but the first two words are simply Bangla for "clothes on the head".
Thingdawlte Tlang
The nearest settlement is Thingdawlte (Bawm) village, for which the peak is named. The name looks like Bawm. Itâs very hard to find any information on name etymologies in Bawm, unfortunately.
Taung Prai
Wikipedia page claims "Taung prai is a Marma word which means "Ulta pahar"(āĻāϞā§āĻāĻž āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ)"; in Bangla āĻāϞā§āĻāĻž generally means upside-down. In Burmese, according to the STEDT database, prai means effaced, wasted.
Kreikung Taung
From the Wikipedia page we get this information:
"Alternative name: Ngaramh Tlang (āύā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻžā§āĻŽā§ āϤā§āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻ,āĻŦāĻŽ); Kreikung Taung name originated from local Marma language.
Bengali meaning: āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻĒāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻĄāĻŧ"
The Bawm alternative name is a bit easier to research.
Proto-Kuki-Chin *Åaa means fish, and can be traced back to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-Åja fish
Where we can find Burmese ááĢḠnga: fish
ramh? is probably from the word for forest/ land/ country: "[953] PKC *ram Mara rà âland, country, kingdomâ; H. Lai raĖm âland, country, forestâ; F. Lai raĖm âland, countryâ; Mizo rÃĄm âcountry, forest, jungle, kingdom, domain, territoryâ" (VanBik, 2009, p.238). There is another entry in Proto-Kuki-Chin which is *ram but the meaning does not seem to match; "[930] PKC *ram DESTROY / ANNIHILATE / WASTE Mizo raĖm âto destroy, to damage, to lay waste to, ravage (as pigs, children, etc. can do to a garden)â" (VanBik, 2009, p.234). Therefore Ngaramh Tlang means "fish land mountain"
As for the Marma name, according to STEDT online database, krei is "star" in Arakanese, cf. Burmese ááŧááē kray. But the second syllable is harder. In the STEDT database, kuÅ in the Burmish branch gives an entry for Proto-Lolo-Burmese, but not Burmese itself. The Burmese term in the STEDT database starts with kh- so the consonants don't match.
Mukhra Thuthai haphong
The Bangla name is āĻŽā§āĻāϰāĻž āĻĨā§āϤāĻžāĻ āĻšāĻžāĻĢāĻ which is read mukhra thutai kaphong, so the issue is with the second word in English both t's are aspirated, but in Bangla only one is. Considering the name is from Tripuri/ Kokborok language, I am not sure what to trust. Regarding etymology, it's all guesswork.
I am using this as a source: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/381278072â¯Aâ¯Grammarâ¯ofâ¯Tripura
The word for place in Tripuri is tʰai, but again this is an aspirated t which does match with the English name but not with the Bangla transliteration. Apparently there are words with the form thu: "tĘ°Ãš sleep", tʰu wear/slim", but I do not think they are related to the name of the mountain. The word for water is tui/ twi (Rashel, 2024, p.1). In this case the aspiration does not match, for some reason I still thought I should mention it. As for mukhra, this is the only phonological comparison I could find: [muËk.hro] /mÚkhrÃ˛/ âheadâ, [muËk.hra] /mukhra/ âmonkeyâ (Rashel, 2024, p.57, p.247).
Conclusion
At the end of the day, the names of Aiyang Tlang, Dumlong/ Msha Panji Haphong and Sippi Ar-suang are unknown to me as I cannot find etymological information about them.
Reference List
Button, C. (2009). A reconstruction of Proto Northern Chin in Old Burmese and Old Chinese perspective.
Rashel, Md. M. (2024). A Grammar of Tripura. 18608946 Bytes. https://doi.org/10.26181/22433158.V1
VanBik, K. (2009). Proto-Kuki-Chin: A reconstructed ancestor of the Kuki-Chin languages. Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus Project, Dept. of Linguistics research unit in Univ. of California, Berkeley.