USA 1981


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USA 1981

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đşđ˛ 52 Years Ago, on June 27, 1972, Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney founded Atari, Inc. This groundbreaking company became a pioneer in the arcade video game industry, home gaming consoles, and personal computers. Atari's first major success was the arcade game "Pong," released in 1972. It became the first commercially successful video game and launched the arcade gaming era.
đš In 1977, Atari released the Atari 2600 (originally known as the Atari VCS), which popularized home video game consoles and sold over 30 million units. The Atari 2600 boasted a library of over 900 games, including classics like "Space Invaders," "Pac-Man," and "Pitfall!"
đž Atari was one of the first companies to develop and distribute microprocessor-based gaming systems, which were a significant technological advancement at the time.
đľ In 1976, Atari was sold to Warner Communications for $28 million. The infusion of capital allowed Atari to expand its operations and dominate the video game industry. Despite financial struggles and changes in ownership, Atari's legacy lives on. The brand is still recognized worldwide and remains a symbol of the early days of video gaming.
Bet They Wish They Hadnât Said That...
âComputers in the future may weigh no more than 1.5 tons.â
- Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of science, 1949.
âI have traveled the length and breadth of this country and talked with the best people, and I can assure you that data processing is a fad that wonât last out the year.â
- The editor in charge of business books for Prentice Hall, 1957.
âBut what...is it good for?â
- Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968, commenting on the microchip.
âThis âtelephoneâ has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device in inherently of no value to us.â
- Western Union internal memo, 1876.
âThe wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?â
- David Sarnoffâs associates in response to his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
âThe concept is interesting and well-formed, but in order to earn better than a âC,â the idea must be feasible.â
- A Yale University management professor in response to Fred Smithâs paper proposing reliable overnight delivery service (which became FedEx).
âI donât know what use anyone could find for a machine that would make copies of documents. It certainly couldnât be a feasible business by itself.â
- The head of IBM, refusing to back the idea, forcing the inventor to found Xerox.
âHeavier-than-air flying machines are impossible.â
-Lord Kelvin, president, Royal Society, 1895
âIf I had thought about it, I wouldnât have done the experiment. The literature was full of examples that said you canât do this.â
- Spencer Silver on the work that led to the unique adhesives for 3M Post-It notepads.
âSo, we went to Atari and said, âHey, weâve got this amazing thing, even built with some of your parts, and what do you think about funding us? Or weâll give it to you. We just want to do it. Pay our salary, weâll come work for you.â And they said, âNo.â So then we went to Hewlett-Packard, and they said, âHey, we donât need you. You havenât got through college yet.ââ
- Apple Computer Inc. founder Steve Jobs on attempts to get Atari and HP interested in his and Steve Wozniakâs personal computer.
âProfessor Goddard does not know the relation between action and reaction and the need to have something better than a vacuum against which to react. He seems to lack the basic knowledge ladled out daily in high schools.â
- 1921 New York Times editorial about Robert Goddardâs revolutionary rocket work.
âStocks have reached what looks like a permanently high plateau.â
- Irving Fisher, Professor of Economics, Yale University, 1929.
âAirplanes are interesting toys but of no military value.â
- Marechal Ferdinand Foch, Professor of Strategy, Ecole Superieure de Guerre.
âEverything that can be invented has been invented.â
- Charles H. Duell, Commissioner, U.S. Office of Patents, 1899.
âLouis Pasteurâs theory of germs is ridiculous fiction.â
- Pierre Pachet, Professor of Physiology at Toulouse, 1872.
âThe abdomen, the chest, and the brain will forever be shut from the intrusion of the wise and humane surgeon.â
- Sir John Eric Ericksen, British surgeon, appointed Surgeon-Extraordinaire to Queen Victoria 1873.
â640K ought to be enough for anybody.â
- Bill Gates, 1981.
âMan will never reach the moon regardless of all future scientific advances.â
- Dr. Lee DeForest, father of radio and grandfather of television.
âThe bomb will never go off. I speak as an expert in explosives.â
- Admiral William Leahy, US Atomic Bomb Project.
âThere is no likelihood man can ever tap the power of the atom.â
- Robert Millikan, Nobel Prize in Physics, 1923.
âA cookie store is a bad idea. Besides, the market research reports say America likes crispy cookies, not soft and chewy cookies like you make.â
- Response to Debbi Fieldsâ idea of starting Mrs. Fieldsâ Cookies.
âThe supercomputer is technologically impossible. It would take all of the water that flows over Niagara Falls to cool the heat generated by the number of vacuum tubes required.â
- Professor of Electrical Engineering, New York University.
âWho...would want to read a book about a bunch of crazy Swedes on a raft?â
- Editor, turning down The Kon Tiki Expedition.
âWe donât like their sound, and guitar music is on the way out.â
- Decca Recording Co., rejecting the Beatles, 1962.
âDrill for oil? You mean drill into the ground to try and find oil? Youâre crazy.â
- Drillers whom Edwin L. Drake tried to enlist to his project to drill for oil in 1859.
âThere is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.â
- Ken Olson, president, chairman, and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977.
âI think there is a world market for maybe five computers.â
- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943
Weâre talking about adventure games again! Or, more accurately, weâre speaking in the context of adventure games about why some genres are hard to define, different ways of thinking about genre, and what genre is even for.
If you'd like to see more work like this, please back me on Patreon! Transcript below the cut.
via Politics â FiveThirtyEight
Presidential hopeful Andrew Yang is famous for his plan to implement a universal basic income to help Americans who lose their jobs to robots. And that isnât the only place tech innovation takes center stage in his platform. He also advocates that your online data be treated as personal property that you can choose (or not) to sell to companies like Facebook. In a Yang presidency, election results would be verified through blockchain (an encryption system best known for shoring up cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin), quantum computing research would be better funded, and a Legion of Builders and Destroyers would have the power to overrule local zoning and land-use decisions for the greater infrastructure good. He is definitely the only presidential candidate talking seriously about fighting climate change with giant space mirrors.
But while the Yang platform can occasionally appear to drift toward a bid for a Hugo Award, experts who study the history and sociology of tech say his enthusiasm for and belief in the promise of technology is actually in step with the way most Americans (and the Democratic party, in particular) approach innovation. To the extent that Yang, a political novice whose credentials are largely built on his history as a successful tech entrepreneur, is polling above people like Kirsten Gillibrand and Bill de Blasio, it could be because heâs done such a good job of speaking to a defining aspect of the American psyche: one that both loves and fears tech. If anything, despite the sci-fi trappings of his policies, some experts said Yang might be a little behind the curve â playing to a vision of the future already looks a little retro in its belief that Silicon Valley hype will match reality.
The American relationship with technology is a complicated one. Research suggests that a majority of Americans â 59 percent in a 2014 Pew Research Center poll â have faith that technological advancements will make our lives better in the future. In 2016, the same organization found that 52 percent of us think technology has already had a largely positive effect on society. Those beliefs have long-standing precedent, said Lee Vinsel, a professor of science, technology and society at Virginia Tech, stretching back to the cults of personality built up around 19th century inventors like Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell. âThereâs an emphasis on technology and how it grows the economy as an unvarnished good,â Vinsel said.
But those top-line numbers can mask some underlying discomfort with the technological tools we allow into our lives. The same polls that show a majority of Americans looking forward to a tech-enabled future also show a distinct lack of enthusiasm for technologies closer to our fingertips. We may expect unspecified âtechnologyâ to make our lives better down the road, but 63 percent of us think opening U.S. airspace to drones will make life worse; 65 percent of us donât like the idea of robots caring for the sick and elderly; and 78 percent of us would not eat meat grown in a lab if someone set it on our plates.
Thatâs because cycles of techno-hype and disillusionment are a major part of American culture and public policy, said Taylor Dotson, a professor of social sciences at the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology. Usually, politicians and the public see a social problem and decide technology will solve it; then, they discover that the solution comes with a whole new set of issues â which they often expect future technology to solve. Itâs like the old Simpsons joke describing alcohol as the cause of and solution to all of lifeâs problems. âOh, yeah. We see technology in a similar way to that,â Dotson said.
And experts said Yangâs platform taps right into the current American zeitgeist â for example, in the way he is simultaneously grappling with the risks artificial intelligence poses to some job markets, while proposing it as a replacement for other human jobs in other areas. But they also said heâs hardly the first political candidate to look to technology for the answers to societal ills. In fact, the Democratic Party has long considered itself the standard-bearer of scientific expertise, adopting an almost utopian vision of technological innovation since at least the Kennedy years, Vinsel said.
Practically, this means that Democrats have made technology a bigger part of their image over the years. In the 1980s, for instance, âAtari Democratsâ wore fancy watches and promoted Silicon Valley boosterism as an alternative to courting labor unions, said Marc Aidinoff, a history doctoral candidate at MIT who has also worked as a junior policy advisor to Joe Biden. That trend continued under Barack Obama, said Mary Ebeling, a professor of sociology at Drexel University. Obamaâs technology advisors were heavily recruited from Silicon Valley and many returned there after serving in his administration. And now, itâs not just the Democratic Party pushing tech-based solutions, Vinsel said. At this point, the ideas of technological innovation and economic growth are so linked in the American mind that neither party can step away from tech as a common good without seeming like they are anti-growth.
But Democratsâ tendency to seek solutions in technology for social problems has not always served them well. Ebeling is currently working on a project that explores how adopting electronic health records as part of the Affordable Care Act affected both patients and workers in the medical industry. The electronic records were pushed as a solution to deep-seated problems that werenât really about technology â boosters promised theyâd make healthcare cheaper and solve problems with patient access to consistent medical care. Instead, Ebeling is finding that we spent billions effectively favoring an industry that could never produce the returns it promised. âAnd lo and behold, by 2019, you have Kaiser Health News reporting on how much harm electronic health records have caused. Literally the death of patients because of medical errors,â she said.
When our faith and enthusiasm in the power of technology hits a wall, the collision happens with all the force of a coyote riding a jetpack. Aidinoff, the former political consultant, thinks weâre in a cultural moment when our belief in the promises of technology are meeting a crushing reality. Since the Cold War, Americans have been assured that the internet and communication networks would serve as liberalizing forces, or as tools to draw repressed countries toward democracy. But since the early 2000s, there have been a string of prominent situations where that ideal wasnât realized. In the wake of the 2016 election, social media networks have been seen as tools of misinformation and political manipulation. But that wasnât the first time tech failed us. For instance, dozens of internet cafes were opened in Iraq after the U.S. overthrew Saddam Hussein, and the internet was seen as being instrumental in the democratization of the country. But, Aidinoff said, that same internet access later ended up being a recruitment tool for extremist groups such as ISIS. Hilary Clinton once spoke about the potential of the internet as akin to the fall of the Berlin Wall. âBut freedom didnât happen the way it was supposed to,â Aidinoff said.
Thatâs a problem for a candidate like Yang â and a problem for any party that wants to view technology as a solution to social ills. Someone framing a campaign around technology as a problem solver and powerful force for good is, in some ways, a few years out of date â as anachronistic as Mark Zuckerberg floating a presidential run. In the end, whatâs odd about Yangâs platform might be less that itâs calling for cloud seeding or AI social workers â and more that itâs calling for those things at a time when the relationship between Americans and tech could best be described as âitâs complicated.â

Anya is live and ready to show you everything. Watch her strip, dance, and perform exclusive shows just for you. Interact in real-time and make your fantasies come true.
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Discovery Round-up: April 2017
It's almost the end of April, so Iâve decided to round-up some interesting construction kits I've recently discovered, or just thought were cool!