#ashirra

The World of Darkness is a product of its time and place — America in the 1990s, written by people whose understanding of the Islamic world rarely extended beyond Orientalist tropes and headlines about Gulf War oil. The Ashirra, as presented in canon, is a monolithic, ahistorical, theological mess that exists primarily to be "the Camarilla but with turbans", and I would like to fix that.

But before we can fix the Ashirra, we need to understand when and why the Camarilla and Sabbat (as global phenomena) would actually emerge, because the writers are either illiterate when it comes to history or prefer to ignore it for the sake of the rule of cool.

The canon claims the Camarilla formed in the aftermath of the Anarch Revolt, in the 15th century. This is anachronistic nonsense.

In the 15th century, there was no concept of "Europe" as a political or cultural unit, travel between regions was slow, dangerous, and rare, communication across the continent took months and the idea of a continental vampire government would have been literally unimaginable. Not a single one of these points can get negated with the help of vampire powers.

The Camarilla cannot be a medieval or Renaissance institution. It is clearly a modern one, born of the same forces that produced the League of Nations, the United Nations, and the European Union. Think of what it requires: it needs reliable long-distance communication like telegraph or telephone, standardized travel like railroads and steamships, a shared political vocabulary (nationalism, international law, human rights), a common enemy to unite against (the Sabbat, mortal governments, the Inquisition).

These conditions did not exist until the 19th century. The 19th century was the age of:

Nationalism: The idea that people sharing a language and culture should have their own state.

Revolution: Liberal, nationalist, and socialist uprisings across Europe and the Americas.

Ideology: The birth of systematic political worldviews (liberalism, conservatism, socialism, anarchism).

Colonialism: The formal division of most of the world into European spheres of influence.

Communication: The telegraph, the railroad, the steamship, the mass-circulation newspaper.

This is the world that could produce something like the Camarilla: a bureaucratic, hierarchical, international institution designed to protect the interests of established powers against revolutionary threats. Camarilla's values include stability over justice, hierarchy over merit, secrecy over accountability, gradual reform over revolution. This is just 19th century conservatism dressed in gothic drag.

The Sabbat cannot be an ancient cult of Caine-worshippers, because it looks like a product of the age of revolution, born from the same ferment that produced:

Marxism: The idea that the existing order is irredeemably corrupt and must be destroyed.

Anarchism: The rejection of all hierarchical authority.

Nationalism: The belief that your people have been wronged and must reclaim their destiny.

Fascism: The cult of violence, the beloved leader, and the glorious mythical past.

The Sabbat should be a salad of extremist ideologies, not a unified sect. So, a Sabbat cell in St. Petersburg might be Marxist-Leninists who believe that vampire politics are class warfare, a Sabbat cell in the Caucasus might be Armenian ultranationalists who want to purge all Turkic vampires (or the other way around), a Sabbat cell in the American South might be a death cult that worships Caine as the first revolutionary.

If the Camarilla is a 19th-century product, the Ashirra is older — not because vampires are more traditional in the East, but because the Islamic world developed concepts of international law and transregional governance centuries before Europe.

Let me be clear about why the canon "Camarilla but with turbans" Ashirra doesn't work:

The Islamic world has never been politically unified. For most of its history, it has been divided into competing empires, dynasties, and caliphates. The Umayyads fought the Abbasids, the Abbasids fought the Fatimids, the Ottomans fought the Safavids, the Mughals did their own thing. Each claimed to be the true inheritor of the Prophet's authority and each despised the others. The idea that vampires from Morocco to Indonesia would share the same political structure, the same legal traditions, the same loyalties, is absurd.

A vampire sect that pretends to unify all of these is an American fantasy. There could be, like, at least three Ashirras at the same time: Ottoman (Sunni, Hanafi), Safavid (Shia, Ja'fari), and Mughal (Sunni, Hanafi but with heavy local syncretism). They would hate each other, compete for influence and issue fatwas declaring each other's leaders heretics. And this is only one specific historical period I mentioned (16th-18th centuries), there would be even MORE Ashirras throughout history.

West Asia is not and has never been exclusively Muslim. Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and others have lived in the region for centuries. They should have their own vampire traditions, their own legal frameworks and alliances. They would not create a separate sect for themselves, instead, they would exist within the same political structures as Muslim vampires, as dhimmis (protected peoples) with limited rights. A historically conscious Ashirra should have a millet system, different religious communities governed by their own laws, under the overall authority of the Muslim majority.

The "assassin from the sands" Banu Haqim stereotype is so obvious and so tiresome, but the deeper problem is the conflation of judicial authority with executive violence. A qadi does not execute his own judgments. He does not hunt the guilty or sneak through shadows with a poisoned dagger. He sits in a court, hears testimony, and issues a ruling. Then somebody else enforces it.

The Banu Haqim should not be assassins. They should be jurists, scholars, and judges— the spiritual heart of the Ashirra, the ones who write the fatwas, who interpret the law, who struggle with the question of what justice and faith mean in a cursed existence.

Some of them can be vigilantes who take the law into their own hands when the system fails. Some of them can be corrupt and issue fatwas for money or favor. Some of them can be mystics who see the law as a veil over a deeper truth. But the core of the clan, imo, should be judicial, not martial. Islam is a religion of civil order, it has lawmen instead of priests, and the lesser jihad is only a small part of it, not the core.

The diablerie question is also more interesting than canon allows, and I think the reputation of serial diablerists can get attached to Banu Haqim without any curses involved. In Islamic law, a murderer's family has three options: retribution (qisas), blood money (diyya), or forgiveness ('afw). For vampires, this should apply to diablerie as well as murder.

Qisas: The victim's lineage may diablerize a member of the killer's lineage in return.

Diyya: The killer pays a massive blood price — territory, services, childer.

'Afw: The victim's lineage forgives the killer, considered the highest spiritual act.

The evidentiary standard for hadd crimes (including murder) is impossibly high — four adult male Muslim witnesses of impeccable character. Diablerie happens in private, there are almost never four witnesses.

The result is that most diablerists walk free in the eyes of formal law. But the victim's family can still seek a fatwa permitting private retribution. This creates a system of legalized blood feuds, managed by the Banu Haqim but not controlled by them. The qadi issues the fatwa; then the feud proceeds according to understood rules. It may last centuries. I think this framework makes more sense than the clan of judges being the most notorious criminals.

I don't like the canon plot about the Camarilla-Ashirra alliance and in my personal headcanon it simply doesn't exist. It's such a lazy move that ignores the history of the region and shies away from the uncomfortable topic of colonialism in order not to hurt white player's feelings. The Ashirra should despise the Camarilla with a burning passion.

The Camarilla is a European institution, it emerged and solidified during the period of European colonialism. It would have extended its influence into the Muslim world through the same mechanisms as mortal colonialism — trade, military conquest, economic pressure.

The Ashirra would have fought back, and would have lost. Not completely, and not everywhere, but enough to be permanently scarred. The relationship between the two should be defined by resentment, collaboration, and ongoing struggle. Older vampires remember Sykes-Pico agreement, and they should dream about tearing British and French Ventrue in half, because the said agreement drew idiotic border lines across their domains.

I think that many Ashirra vampires would despise the Camarilla for what it did to their homelands — the invasions, the occupations, the extraction of wealth, the imposition of foreign laws. But at the same time, many would collaborate by selling out their own people for personal gain, adopt European titles and manners, become clients of Ventrue merchant families. Many would be ambivalent, they would recognize the Camarilla's power, hate it, but see no alternative to it.

This creates conflict within the Ashirra about how to respond to the West. Should it modernize, adopt Camarilla methods, try to compete? Should it return to its roots, reject foreign influence, purify itself? Should it find a third path, neither Western nor traditional? There is no consensus. There are only factions, constantly fighting.

The fact that Ashirra exists at all in modern nights is simple Western ignorance. The Ottoman Empire fell a century ago, the political structures that supported the Ashirra — the caliphates, the sultanates, the imperial bureaucracies — they are all gone. What remains? Nostalgic elders who remember the old days, fragmented local powers who control individual cities or regions, a few surviving institutions that have no connection to each other. The Ashirra as a unified sect is dead, it has been dead for a century. The only people who pretend otherwise are those who remember when it was alive.

The Banu Haqim qadis no longer hold the power they used to. The world has changed, because now economic power matters more than scripture. A Ventrue-backed corporation can do what a Banu Haqim judge could not. The clan has more conflicts with itself than with outsiders —qadis from different madhahib issuing contradictory rulings, elders trying to preserve traditions that the young see as obsolete, families feuding over inheritances that have lost their meaning.

There are still vampires who call themselves "Ashirra" and there are still those who follow Sharia of the Night. There are still courts where a qadi's word carries weight, but they are local, fragmented and nostalgic. The Ashirra is a memory — beautiful, sad and lost to time. There is no "Ashirra policy" on anything, only what this qadi decides, what that sheikh wants, what this elder remembers. The end.

The way all of this is written (or more like not written, lmao) in canon is stupid. I remember one of the rulebooks saying that modern Ashirra strongholds are Saudi Arabia, Iran and Afghanistan. Fucking what? These countries hate each other, they are political and spiritual enemies that have nothing in common, and Afghanistan is in no condition to be a stronghold of anything.

The canon Ashirra is a fantasy, it is a product of writers who did not understand Islamic history, and were content to reproduce stereotypes.

I want to make Ashirra messy, fractured, and contradictory, like the history it emerges from. I want it to have competing empires, legal traditions, and religious communities where religion actually matters. I want to talk about how it has been shaped by colonialism and is still dealing with the trauma. The Ashirra is dying, and the Kindred who remember its glory days are bitter, nostalgic, and dangerous, and this kind of character can make a very compelling hero or villain.

There's the last issue I would like to mention: blood sorcery. For the love of God, do not use the word "sihr" for this like Whitewolf did. Sorcery is a very serious sin because it is considered disbelief (you seek powers not from God = you do not believe in God), no Muslim vampire would do "sihr". That doesn't mean they can't throw fireballs though, you just need a better name for the fireballs.

In my chronicle, Banu Haqim call their magic "Ayat" — meaning signs, verses, evidence. It is the term for the verses of the Quran, chosen because it frames vampiric powers as given by God. To Banu Haqim "sorcerers", who aren't in fact sorcerers, but scholars, the word ayat means miracles, wonders and marvels of the physical universe that point to the Creator. The birds can fly because God wills so, and a Banu Haqim can fry your ass with a fireball because God wills so as well. The word "sihr" should be instead applied to infernalism, and instead of a "sorcerer" you can simply say "mystic". An Islamic mystic is somebody who looks for intimate knowledge of God, and in this framework, the Ayat, whether a discipline or a custom path of thaumaturgy, is exactly that, a tool for understanding.

In the canon of the Dark Ages, the Toreador are presented as a high clan — patrons of the arts, keepers of culture, the beautiful ones who rule from salons and galleries or even from Catholic Church. This is a fantasy born of Renaissance Florence and Victorian London, projected backward and outward onto times and places where it makes no sense.

The truth is simpler and harder at the same time: artists were never rich.

In my stories, the Toreador are a clan of beautiful captivity. Every artist who ever starved in a garret, every calligrapher who spent years perfecting a single letter, every concubine who learned to make her cage a garden, every tile-maker who built monuments for kings who would never know their names — these are the Toreador. They are the ones who make the world lovely, and the world pays them by owning them.

To be Toreador is to understand, in your blood, that beauty is never free. Someone always pays. And the one who pays owns the beauty, and the one who makes it is merely its temporary custodian. This is the natural order of things: the patron has power and the artist has vision, the patron buys the vision and makes it theirs. The artist moves on to the next patron, the next cage, the next beautiful thing that will never quite belong to them.

In life, this was true. In death, it is eternally true.

The wealth of an artist was always borrowed, contingent, revocable. A calligrapher who pleased the Sultan might receive a purse of gold, while a calligrapher who displeased him might lose his hands. A tile-maker whose work adorned a mosque was paid a wage, not granted a share of eternity, and a poet who satirized the vizier could find themselves floating face-down in the Bosphorus.

Among the Toreador of the Muslim world, one story matters above all others: the story of Zulaikha and Yusuf. It is told in the Quran, in the poetry of Rumi and Jami and Hafez, in a thousand variations across a thousand nights. But for the Toreador, it is not just a story. It is their story.

Zulaikha was a woman of power and privilege, the wife of an Egyptian court official. She saw Yusuf — a slave, a prophet, a being of impossible beauty — and she loved him. Not wisely, not moderately, but with a love that consumed her entirely. She pursued and trapped him, and she tore his garment when he fled. She was exposed, humiliated, and yet she did not stop loving.

In some tellings, she grew old and blind, waiting for him. In some, he returned to her, and they were united at last. In the most beautiful versions, her love was not sin but the highest form of worship — love for a mortal face that was really love for the divine beauty behind all faces.

The Toreador know this story in their bones. They know that Zulaikha was not free: she was a wife, a woman in a man's world, constrained by laws and customs that gave her no real power. Her love for Yusuf was the one thing she chose for herself, and it destroyed her, and it made her immortal in poetry.

Every Toreador is Zulaikha. They love what they cannot have (beauty, freedom, the approval of their patron), they are trapped in cages of others' making (the patron's demands, the Masquerade, the limits of their own obsession), they create, through their love, something that outlasts them (art, poetry, architecture, the memory of a perfect moment), they are remembered, if they are lucky, not for their power but for the beauty they served.

"Was she real?" the Toreador ask each other. "Does it matter? We are real. And we are her."

The Western Romantic image of the artist as a bohemian, a libertine, a rebel against convention, has no place in the Islamic world. The artists of the Ashirra are ascetics.

To make art is to forget yourself, to lose your ego in the rhythm of the brush, to become a vessel for beauty that flows through you from somewhere else. The Ashirra Toreador understand this better than any other clan. They have learned that the self is the enemy of beauty. Pride leads to bad calligraphy. Ambition leads to cracked tiles. Attachment leads to stagnation.

Of all the arts, calligraphy was the most honored. The word of God was revealed in Arabic script, and to write that script beautifully was a form of worship. Calligraphers were the aristocrats of the artistic world, the ones most likely to be invited to court, the ones whose names were most likely to be remembered.

But a calligrapher with a weak character would not be commissioned to write the Quran. The work required not just skill but spiritual purity as well, or at least the appearance of it. A Toreador calligrapher had to maintain the facade of piety, even as they fed on the blood of the courtiers around them.

This did not make them saints. The court was a snake pit, and the calligrapher was a snake like all the others. They wrote letters for powerful patrons, forged documents, concealed messages in the flourishes of their script. They were spies as well as artists, and their art gave them access to secrets that others could not reach. Their piety was real, or it was performance. Their character was strong, or it was a mask. The Toreador understand this contradiction.

"We are the ones who write the words of God," the calligrapher says. "And we are sinners. We drink wine in secret, we lust for what we cannot have, we lie and cheat and betray. And then we go back to our ink and our reed pen and we write Bismillah, in the name of God, and we mean it. Both things are true. Both things are us."

The Western Renaissance celebrated the individual genius — the painter, the sculptor, the architect whose name was attached to his work. The Islamic world had a different model: the workshop.

The kitabkhana (library-workshop) was a collaborative space where calligraphers, illuminators, bookbinders, and painters worked together under a master. No one signed their individual work, because the manuscript was a product of the entire workshop. The master's name might be remembered, but the apprentices were anonymous.

Was it exploitation? No, it was a different understanding of art. Beauty was the product of tradition, discipline, and collaboration, it had nothing to do with individual genius. The artist was a mere craftsman, and their goal was continuation of a tradition that stretched back centuries.

The Toreador of the Ashirra understand this. They do not seek fame, instead, they seek perfection of craft. A Toreador illuminator might spend her entire unlife perfecting the art of gilding the margins of a single manuscript. She will not sign her name, nor she will be remembered. But the manuscript will survive her, and in its beauty, something of her devotion will endure.

The rose is the Toreador's symbol, and in the Islamic world, it carries meanings that Western vampires do not fully understand. The Persian name for the Damask rose is gol-e Muhammadi — the flower of Muhammad. Legend says the flower was created from the sweat of the Prophet on the night of his ascension to heaven.

For Sufi Toreador, this is no coincidence. Beauty is a sign that points toward something beyond itself. When they create beauty, they are participating in the divine act of creation, reflecting the names of God through the medium of paint and tile and ink.

This is dangerous theology. The Banu Haqim watch the Toreador carefully, suspicious of any teaching that might blur the line between Creator and creation, but the Toreador persist. They find in Sufism a vocabulary for their longing, a justification for their obsession, a path toward salvation through beauty.

The Ashirra tolerates them because their work adorns mosques and madrasas, because their poetry praises the Sultan and the Shah and the Caliph, and because their music is beautiful. But the Toreador know the truth: their real work is hidden in the double meanings, the coded metaphors, the secret language that only other Toreador can read.

They wrote poetry that could be read two ways: as praise of a mortal patron or as praise of the divine. They used the metaphor of wine to describe the intoxication of divine love, and also to describe the intoxication of blood, of hunger, of the vampire's own cursed nature. They saw in the face of a beautiful mortal a reflection of God's beauty, and they worshipped that reflection even as they fed on the mortal who bore it.

The Sufi Toreador walks the knife's edge between devotion and blasphemy, between love and predation, between the longing for God and the hunger for blood. Some fall and some are saved. Most continue, forever in between.

"I saw the Beloved in the face of the boy," a Sufi Toreador might write. "I drank the wine of His presence from the boy's veins. I am damned, and I am saved, and I cannot tell the difference."

Some Sufi Toreador become majdhub — the God-intoxicated, those whose love for God has so consumed them that they appear mad. They wander the streets and speak in riddles, their art reduced to fragments and gestures. They are revered by mortals who think them saints. They are feared by vampires who know what they really are.

These are the Toreador who have given up on the cage entirely. They no longer serve patrons or create art for an audience. They exist only for the divine, and their art is their existence itself. They are beautiful and terrible, and they are the closest thing the clan has to saints.

Female poets existed in the Islamic world, though their names are less often recorded. Al-Khansa, a contemporary of the Prophet, was famous for her elegies. Wallada bint al-Mustakfi, an Andalusian princess, ran a literary salon in Cordoba and had love affairs with poets. The Toreador remember them.

Many female Toreador were concubines — women who were enslaved, educated, and trained in the arts to serve the pleasure of the powerful. A concubine might be a calligrapher, a musician, a dancer, a poet. She might perform for the Sultan alone, or she might be part of an ensemble that entertained the entire court.

Her life was a cage. She could not leave without permission, could not refuse her master's advances. She could be sold, given away, killed, with no recourse. But within that cage, she had power. The arts she mastered gave her influence and the secrets she learned gave her leverage. The beauty she created gave her a kind of immortality.

A female Toreador who was a concubine in life carries that memory in her blood. She knows that the cage is not an exception to the Toreador condition but its essence.

Women who were not concubines often worked in textiles — weaving, embroidery, carpet-making. These were respectable occupations, and the products of their labor were valued throughout the Islamic world. A silk carpet from a woman's workshop could be worth a fortune.

For Toreador women, textile work had special advantages, as it was done in private, in the women's quarters, away from the eyes of men. A woman could spend centuries perfecting a single design, a single stitch, without anyone outside her household knowing. Her art was intimate, personal, and hidden.

This is a different kind of Toreador: not the court poet who lives on the edge of the sultan's favor, but the hidden maker who works in silence, whose art is known only to those who enter her private space. She is no less a Toreador. She is perhaps more so, because her art is not compromised by the need to please a patron. She makes for the sake of making, for the love of beauty, for herself alone.

Female dancers were important in Islamic court culture, both within the harem and outside it. They performed at celebrations, at festivals, at private gatherings. They were trained from childhood in complex movements, in the handling of veils and scarves, in the expression of emotion through the body.

For a Toreador dancer, the body is the medium. She shapes it, trains it, uses it to create beauty that exists only in the moment and then vanishes. This is a kind of asceticism — the art that cannot be preserved, cannot be collected, cannot be owned by any patron. It exists only in performance, only in memory, only in the hearts of those who see it.

A dancer Toreador is perhaps the freest of all, because her art leaves no trace. She can perform for a patron one night and be gone the next, her beauty existing only in the memory of those who saw her. She cannot be imprisoned by her own work, because her work is herself, and she can always leave.

If their patrons provide the resources for their art, their inspiration often comes from elsewhere — from the other low clans, the outcasts, the ones who see the world differently. Malkavians show them the beauty in madness, the patterns in chaos, the truth in ravings. A Toreador might spend decades painting a Malkavian's visions, trying to capture something that cannot be captured. Nosferatu show them the beauty in ugliness, the dignity in deformity, the grace in the gutter. A Toreador might fall in love with a Nosferatu's face, seeing in its ruin something more beautiful than any perfection. Ravnos show them the beauty in illusion, the art in deception, the poetry in a lie. A Toreador might learn from a Ravnos how to make art that is never the same twice, that shifts and changes like light on water.

These relationships are often secret. A Toreador's patron might not approve of them spending time with madmen and monsters, but the Toreador cannot help it, as the art demands it. The beauty they seek is everywhere, especially in the places the powerful would rather not look.

The Toreador remember certain eras as golden ages, though every golden age was also an age of danger:

The Abbasid Golden Age (8th-13th centuries), when Baghdad was the center of the Islamic world and art was generously patronized.

The Timurid Renaissance (15th century), when Timur's descendants sponsored the arts in Samarqand and Herat.

The Safavid Golden Age (16th-17th centuries), when Shah Abbas moved the capital to Isfahan and filled it with beautiful buildings.

The Ottoman Classical Age (16th century), when Suleiman the Magnificent patronized Mimar Sinan, the greatest architect of the age.

Each of these eras ended in violence. The Toreador remember the endings as clearly as the golden ages themselves.

The Toreador have no internal conflicts. They do not fight over territory, because territory belongs to their patrons. They do not fight over status, because their status is defined by their patrons. They do not fight over ideology, because they have no ideology except the love of beauty.

This is not because they are peaceful or enlightened, it is because they have nothing to fight over. A Toreador in Istanbul serves the Ottoman Sultan, a Toreador in Isfahan serves the Safavid Shah. They have no reason to kill each other just as much they have no reason to unite. They simply exist, each in their own cage, each serving their own master, each creating their own beauty.

In the Ashirra, the Toreador might call themselves Bani al-Ward — the Children of the Rose, or al-Muhibbun — the Lovers (muhibb is lover as both "beloved" and "a seeker of God"), or Ahl al-Qalam, the People of the Pen, to emphasize calligraphy as the highest art. Or simply Zulaikha's Children, for those who prefer to emphasize their connection to the story.

The name does not matter as much as what it represents: the beauty that is also a wound, the love that is also a cage, the art that is also a prayer.

In the kitabkhanas of Istanbul, in the mosques of Isfahan, in the tombs of Delhi, the Toreador work. They grind pigments and mix inks and cut quills. They write the name of God, and their own name is forgotten. They build tombs for emperors, and their own remains are dust.

When a Toreador sees another Toreador's work, across centuries, across continents, across every division of faith and culture and politics, they recognize something. They see the longing, and the cage, and the beauty that was made despite everything.

"She was here," they whisper. "Another Zulaikha. Another one who loved what she could not have. Another one who made something beautiful anyway."

That is the Toreador truth.