Mark Antony defeats the forces of Aristobulus
Some time in 57 B.C. he took up his commission as the commanding officer of a troop of rough Gallic cavalry, and went with Gabinius to Judea, where affairs were in an uproar. On the death of Alexander Jannseus in 78 B.C., the Jewish royal authority had passed to his widow, Alexandra, who gave the office of High-Priest of Jehovah to their son, Hyrcanus; and this personage received also the Jewish sovereignty at his mother's death in 70 or 69 B.C. But in 68 B.C. his younger brother, Aristobulus, drove him from the throne, and forced him into exile. In 63 B.C., however, Pompey captured Jerusalem, as has already been mentioned, reinstated Hyrcanus, and carried Aristobulus and his son to Rome as his captives.
But shortly before Gabinius entered upon his governorship of Syria, the two prisoners escaped, and, returning to Judaea, headed a revolt against Hyrcanus, this civil war being at its height when the new governor arrived. Gabinius sent Antony ahead with his picturesque Gallic cavalry to attack Aristobulus, who shut himself up in the fortress of Alexandrium in Samaria, not far from the north efid of the Dead Sea.
The Romans assaulted this place, and Antony covered himself with glory by being the first man to scale the walls. The Jewish leaders, however, escaped, and made for Machaerus, a day's march to the south; but Antony followed them, fought a pitched battle with the reserves they had there mustered, annihilated them, and captured Aristobulus and his son, who, at the beginning of 56 B.C., found themselves back in their prison in Rome, while Hyrcanus ruled once more in Judaea.