Mr.Sylvo

In veterinary medicine, advanced tools like blood tests, imaging, and laboratory diagnostics have transformed how we detect and treat disease. But one of the most powerful tools remains the simplest: the hands-on physical examination. What Is a Hands-On Physical Exam? A physical exam is a systematic assessment where the veterinarian uses their eyes, ears, hands, and sometimes even nose to…

Transitioning from vet school to real clinical practice is both exciting and overwhelming. You walk in with your stethoscope, fresh knowledge, and high hopes but what hits you first isn’t always what you prepared for. As a recent graduate and now a veterinarian managing real cases daily, I want to share ten key lessons I wish I had known earlier. Whether you’re a veterinary student, a new…

Photo by Cu00fcneyt Efe Bural on Pexels.com As dedicated practitioners committed to providing optimal care for our animal patients, it is imperative that we continually refine our understanding and approach to therapeutic interventions. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) represent a cornerstone in the management of post-operative pain and inflammation in dogs. However, nuanced…

Abstract:Anesthesia is a vital tool in the management of fish, whether for research, aquaculture, or veterinary purposes. This article provides an overview of the various anesthesia methods used in fish, their mechanisms of action, factors influencing anesthesia efficacy, and potential impacts on fish welfare. Additionally, it discusses recent advancements and future directions in fish anesthesia…

Mast cell tumor is one of the most popular skin tumors which can be identified by such a cytology of FNA.. Read the article to know more!

Mast Cell Tumor (MCT) is the most common skin tumor in dogs which arises from mast cells in tissue; it can also affect other areas as: spleen, liver, GIT, and bone marrow. What’s the role of Mast cells? Mast cell (MC) is part of our patients immunity, when MC exposed to allergen it degranulate producing histamine, heparin, and other inflammatory mediators to attract other immune cells to fight!…

Lymphoma is most common tumor in dogs and cats and it's easily diagnosed by a FNA, in this article you will know how to read lymphoma features under microscope.

1-Grapes and Raisins Toxicity: Grapes toxicity unfortunately has unknown mechanism but it’s classified as a nephrotoxic agent with undetermined pathophysiology but some theories hypothesize idiosyncratic reaction is the cause (because some dogs may show no signs) other say it’s an unknown mycotoxin but this issue still unclear. Signs of toxicity: -Gastrointestinal: Acute abdomen signs with…

1-Chocolate Toxicity: The active (toxic) agents in chocolate are methylxanthines, specifically theobromine and caffeine.Chocolate toxicity is common in festival times and it works in a stimulatory manner, sign occur in dose dependent manner:1- <20mg/kg of methylxanthines: GI upset, polydipsia, and pancreatitis.2- 20-40mg/kg: Hyperactivity. 3- 40-50mg/kg: Cardiotoxicity (Sinus tachycardia,…

What’s contrast study? It’s administration of positive-contrast media orally. However, gas in stomach and intestine may used as negative-contrast media to identify location of bowel, patency of the lumen, perforation, and irregularities in mucosal interface. Indications -FB diagnosis in GIT -GIT Masses -Disorders of Oesophagus -GIT motility evaluation Recommended Mediums and Doses N.b:…

Right positioning is the first step to right diagnosis and only one lateral and a VD not enough in some patients which leading to misdiagnosis. Routine positioning: Presence of duodenal gas as a contrast media is more likely when animal placed on left lateral side, if it placed on right side first the incidence of gas contrast in duodenum is less. So, start with left side, VD, then right…