station 99

Lunch prepared by the window  -   Mike Hall  , 2022.

British, b.  1960-

Gotta gotta be down, because I want it all

It was only a fish

The Navajo have a unique tradition. When a baby is born, it is regarded as the ultimate, precious gift and must never be abused. From the moment of birth, the child is watched over continuously by family and friends, who patiently wait for the child’s first…laugh.

“Has your baby laughed?” is common question posed to parents who have infants around the age of three months. The first laugh of a Navajo child is a very significant event. It marks the child’s final passing from the spirit world to the physical world, meaning he or she is now fully human. This milestone warrants a party, and what a party it is!

Whichever brother, sister, parent, cousin, aunt, uncle, or passing acquaintance is present at the first laugh is deemed to have caused it.  The laughter instigator then receives the honored privilege of preparing a special ceremony to welcome the child into society.

Once a baby has laughed, training in generosity begins immediately—a value held in high regard among the Navajo people. At the party, where the baby is considered the host, the parents or person responsible for the first laugh help hold the baby’s hand as he or she ceremonially gives the rock salt, food, and gifts to each guest. There are also bags of candy, money, and other presents that the child “gives” along with the food. [x]

안녕하세요! Hey everyone! Today we’re going to learn about -(으)ㅁ nominalization and how it compares to other ways to turn verbs into nouns! Let’s start!

-(으)ㅁ can be used to turn verbs into nouns. The unique thing -(으)ㅁ nominalization is that it turns verbs into their own, stand-alone nouns. Unlike with other types of nominalization like -기 and -는 것, you can see a lot of these words ending in -(으)ㅁ in the dictionary. 

Let’s look at a formula for nominalizing words in this way:

[verb stem] + (으)ㅁ

For stems ending in a vowel, add ㅁ

For stems ending in a consonant, add 음

For stems ending in ㅂ, remove the ㅂ and add -움

Let’s look at some examples! I found a lot of these examples from Go Billy’s video here, so go check it out for some more examples!

춤 = a dance

Often used with the verb 추다 (to dance) -> 춤을 추다 = to dance [a dance]

꿈 = a dream

From 꾸다 (to dream) -> 꿈을 꾸다 = to dream [a dream]

웃음 = smile

From 웃다 (to smile)

도움 = help

From 돕다 (to help)

잠 = sleep

From 자다 (to sleep) -> 잠을 자다 = to sleep

삶 = life

From 살다 (to live)

-(으)ㅁ vs. -기/-는 것

What’s the difference between -(으)ㅁ nominalization and other types of nominalization? Notice how a lot of the words ending in -(으)ㅁ sound like normal, stand-alone nouns. As I mentioned before, you can find most of them in the dictionary. With -기/-는 것, however, the words they form don’t really function as their own stand-alone nouns. 

Let’s take the word 꿈, for example, and compare it to 꾸기 and 꾸는 것. 꿈 means “dream,” but I would say 꾸기 and 꾸는 것 refer to “the act of dreaming.” -(으)ㅁ turns verbs into nouns – it turns them into things. The other forms, however, maintain the verb-like meaning of the verbs, but just turn them into a noun in the grammatical sense (meaning that they function like nouns in a sentence). Quite complicated, but I hope that kinda makes sense!

That’s about it for this lesson! This is a tricky topic, so feel free to ask any questions you have and I’ll do my best to answer them! See you in the next lesson! 다음에 또 봐요!

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below, I summarize the book. anything in life, any goal, and any dream is accomplishable by the power of self-discipline

every discipline person needs:

defined sense of purpose. "i know what i want to achieve, become" set a goal for yourself whatever you want out of life, make sure it's clear in your mind.

without a sense of purpose, you can’t apply yourself to anything

without applying yourself, you can never succeed

models of possibility. "if they can do it, then i can do it. it is possible for me as well!" find a positive role model in your field of interest, research them. find a role model that has discipline.

sensory vision. "i see, feel myself doing it. now i know i can do it" ability to visualize, use your imagination to see yourself already at the finish line

see things as what they could be

learn to visualize the outcome

picture all learn to visualize

the fire within. have the desire, obsession, passion, and energy to take on anything to reach your goal.

won't admit to failure

keep going won’t give up

eager to learn

not afraid to try something new

open to more than one way to achieve it

they can never believe they can’t do it

nobody can tell anyone anything

fused by self-confidence,

planning. "i know what i have to do to achieve it" plan everything you will need to become what you want, achieve it.

well set priorities

planning everything out in every detail

patient and careful planning

learning. "i can learn the skills and knowledge i need to achieve it" learn everything you need to master your dreams, develop the skills.

willing to do anything to learn more

willing to learn for as long as they need to

learning what needs to be learned in order to make your goals

persistence. "no matter how long it takes or how hard it is, I can do it"

loyal sticks with their dream

no matter what other ppl say

stubborn about sticking to their goal

don’t give up in the face of rejection

patience.

not intimidated by time

time doesn’t become a thing

time is a tool

every moment they know they are closer to their dream

knows time will pass regardless, uses it to their advantage

• hydrate it by drinking lots of water

• eat dark chocolate and blueberries and walnuts and salmon and other foods high in antioxidants!!

• play little brain games on your phone; I like wordconenct! anything that makes you think!

• read books. It’s simple but necessary. Even better - join a book club, or read with a friend, so you can have discussions after. This will improve your reading comprehension.

• do puzzles - it doesnt have to be sudoku, I love playing Beat Saber on the Oculus Rift because it makes my brain have to match colorful patterns to physical movements very quickly!

• learn a new dance - even a tik tok trendy dance. Learning new dance moves are proven to strengthen synapses!!

• go bird watching, or foraging, or anything outdoors that requires you to explore pattern recognition and visual searching

• watch a movie with the intent of analysis - this is best done with a cinephile friend!! talk about tropes and symbolism and character growth

• cross stitch, or sew, or do anything that requires matching nimble hand movements to patterns

• play or learn an instrument!

• develop a consistent sleep schedule (or as close to consistent as you can get!)

• when eating, try to identify the ingredients and flavors you’re perceiving!

The Screen, Room 103, Kyoto, Japan,

A carved circular light fixture in the wall creates a light like that of the full moon. By dimming down these lights, the moon changes from a full moon down to a crescent moon.